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World Religions > Buddhist Traditions > Flashcards

Buddhist Traditions Flashcards

1
Q

Three Vehicles of Buddhism?

A
  • Theravada
  • Mahayana
  • Vajrayana (Associated with Himalayan region)
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2
Q

Aspects of Buddhist thought?

A

Impermanence of human body, social egalitarianism, notion of karma

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3
Q

Buddha of current age?

A

Siddhartha Gautama

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4
Q

Siddhartha means?

A

“He who achieves success”

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5
Q

Four Sights and Great Departure

A

At 30 he saw

  • Sick man
  • Suffering old man
  • dead man
  • Monk (Evidence that one can avoid suffering
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6
Q

Daughter of Mara

A

(Similar to Satan in Christianity) tempted Buddha
sons (fear and anger) are also summoned.
- Buddha calls on the earth for support.
- Mara driven away by earth quake

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7
Q

Enlightenment

A
  • Remembering past lives
  • deeper insight in working of karma
  • question of how to put end to suffering (Four noble truths)
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8
Q

Becoming “fully enlightened one”?

A

Have reached nirvana (sense of rejecting greed, hatred and delusion, also means ultimate bliss)

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9
Q

Parinirvana

A

The final end of the cycle of rebirth, cessation of suffering, perfection of happiness.

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10
Q

The Gems

A
  1. Buddha
  2. The Dharma
  3. The Sangha
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11
Q

Dharam means?

A

. . . a sense of social and moral obligation. (or Law)

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12
Q

Four noble Truths

A
  1. No living being can escape suffering
  2. Suffering arises from excessive desire or craving.
  3. Suffering will cease when desire ceases.
  4. It is possible to put an end to desire by following eight principles of self-improvement.
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13
Q

The Eightfold Path

A
  1. Right Understanding
  2. Right Thought
  3. Right speech
  4. Right Conduct
  5. Right Livelihood
  6. Right Effort
  7. Right Mindfulness
  8. Right Meditation
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14
Q

Three Characteristics of Existence

A
  1. Suffering
  2. Impermanence
  3. No-self (“without Atman” - without the eternal self in humans. It is the underlying energy of the universe)
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15
Q

Shandhas

A

The five complexes a person is composed of.

- Body, sensations, perceptions, mental formations, consciousness

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16
Q

Three Instructions, Path of Purity

A
  • Morality (Essential foundation)
  • concentration (Developing mental state of being focused)
  • Wisdom (Essential to attain nirvana)
17
Q

Three evil Roots

A

It is the goal of Buddhist to purify the mind of Greed, hatred, delusion

18
Q

12 stages of Dependent Origination

A 
Past
1. Ignorance
2. Karma
Present
3. A new individual 'consciousness'
4. a new body -mind complex
5. the bases of sensing
6. sense impressions
7. conscious feelings
8. craving
9. cling to (grasping for) things
10. becoming (the drive to be reborn)
Future
11. rebirth
12. Old age and death
19
Q

The Sangha

A

Monastic community of ordained men and women and broader community, universal Sangha of followers of Buddha’s path

20
Q

Bhikshus and Bhikshunis take?

A

… vows of chastity, poverty, obedience and wear saffron-coloured robes

21
Q

Lay Sangha

A

four levels

  • Those who have entered stream (to nirvana)
  • those who have advanced far enough to return
  • Those so advanced they will not return
  • Those who have advanced to status of Arhats
22
Q

Tripitaka

A

The Three baskets of Sacred Texts

- orally written and found

23
Q

Theravada (First Vehicle)

A
  • Widespread in India by 3rd century
  • Conservative tradition
  • considered the preserver of Buddhims in its original form
24
Q

Mahayana (Second Vehicle)

A
  • Emerged as part of liberation movement

- Lay people had a more sig. role

25
Q

Skillful means

A

The Parable of the Burning House

- Father tells a lie

26
Q

Bodhisattvas

A
  • Those who take boddhisattva vows are dedicating themselves to attain buddahood and to work towards liberation of other beings
  • Someone who has reached nirvana but waits to serve others
27
Q

Pure Land

A
  • A prince who took 48 vows, promised to establish a heavenly region
  • no suffering, old age, death,
  • Only condition for rebirth in Pure Land is Faith in the infinite compassion of Amitabha
    (Mahayana)
28
Q

Vajrayana (Third Vehicle)

A
  • :”diamond” and “thunderbolt”
  • incorporation of numerous elements originating in Indian Hindu and Buddhist practice
  • Mantras: sacred yllables believed to bring spiritual blessings when properly chanted
29
Q

Four important Pilgrimage site in Vajrayana?

A
  1. Lumbini (birth of Shakyamini)
  2. Bodh Gaya (Enlightenment of Shakuamuni)
  3. Sarnath (First Sermon of Shakyamuni)
  4. Kushinagar (pariniranana)
30
Q

Theravada Practice

A

They vow to refrain from

  • taking life
  • taking that which is not given
  • sexual immorality
  • wrong speech (lying slander)
  • Intoxicants

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