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Sanskrit Terms > Buddhist Terms > Flashcards

Buddhist Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Sources of knowledge / Epistemic Instruments

A

pramāṇa

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2
Q

Perception

A

pratyakṣa

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3
Q

Cognition

A

jñāna

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4
Q

Ineffeable

A

avyapadeśya

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5
Q

Convention

A

vyavahārakāla

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6
Q

intrinsic nature

A

svabhāva

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7
Q

intrinsic characteristics

A

svalakṣaṇa

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8
Q

Epistemic objects

A

prameya

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9
Q

Mundane convention

A

alokasaṃvṛti

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10
Q

Inference

A

anumāna

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11
Q

Dependent arising

A

pratītyasamutpāda

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12
Q

Unique particulars

A

svalakṣaṇas

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13
Q

Universals

A

sāmānyalakṣaṇa

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14
Q

Ultimately existent

A

paramārthasat

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15
Q

Selflessness

A

anātmavāda

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16
Q

Self-awareness

A

svasaṃvitti

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17
Q

Conventional truth

A

saṃvṛtisatya

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18
Q

Conventional

A

saṃvṛtisat

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19
Q

Causal efficacy

A

arthakriyāsāmarthyam

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20
Q

Disposition

A

vāsanā

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21
Q

Having content

A

viṣayābhāsatā

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22
Q

Result

A

pramāṇaphala

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23
Q

What is known

A

prameya

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24
Q

Verbal proliferation

A

prapañca

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25
Q

Appropriation

A

upādāna

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26
Q

Subject

A

grāhaka

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27
Q

Object

A

grāhya

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28
Q

Time

A

kāla

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29
Q

Space

A

deśa

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30
Q

Momentariness

A

kṣaṇikatva

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31
Q

Non-being or absence

A

abhāva

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32
Q

Reliable

A

avisaṃvādin

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33
Q

Acceptance

A

abhyupagama

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34
Q

Logical consequence

A

prasaṅga

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35
Q

Spiritual Path

A

pravṛttikāma

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36
Q

A Guide to the Bodhisattva’s Way of Life

A

Bodhicaryāvatāra

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37
Q

Wisdom

A

prajñā

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38
Q

Moral discipline

A

śīla

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39
Q

Generosity

A

dāna

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40
Q

Patient Endurance

A

kṣānti

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41
Q

True nature of reality

A

dharmatā

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42
Q

Mind

A

Citta

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43
Q

Mind only

A

Cittamātra

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44
Q

Cyclic existence

A

Saṃsāra

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45
Q

Emptiness

A

Śūnyatā

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46
Q

Volition, intention, or directionality

A

Cetanā

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47
Q

Ignorance

A

Avidyā

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48
Q

Consciousness

A

Vijñāna

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49
Q

Defilements

A

kleśa

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50
Q

Reality or truth

A

Satay

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51
Q

Reality or truth

A

Satay

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52
Q

Reductio ad absurdum

A

Prasaṅga

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53
Q

Emptiness

A

Śūnyatā

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54
Q

A school of Mādhyamika that emphasizes reductio and pyrhonian skepticism

A

Prasaṅgika

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55
Q

A school of Madhyamika that offers independent arguments for their views

A

Svatantrika

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56
Q

Characteristic or quality

A

Lakṣaṇa

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57
Q

Inexpressible

A

anabhilāpya

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58
Q

Nonconceptual

A

Nirvikalpaka

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59
Q

Form or matter

A

Rūpa

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60
Q

Philosophical lineage or tradition

A

Paramparā

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61
Q

Multiplicity, complexity, or plurality

A

Anekatā

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62
Q

Action, performance, or undertaking

A

Kriyā

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63
Q

Purpose

A

Prayojana

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64
Q

Skillful means

A

Upāyakauśalya

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65
Q

Whole, or something that has portions

A

Avayavin

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66
Q

Ignorance or misconception

A

Avidyā

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67
Q

Atom or particle

A

Paramāṇus

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68
Q

Yogic perception

A

Yogipratyakṣa

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69
Q

Activity

A

Pravṛtti

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70
Q

Aim or goal

A

Artha

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71
Q

Telic function or causal efficacy

A

Arthakriyā

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72
Q

Substance

A

Dravya

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73
Q

Simplicity, singularity, or oneness

A

Ekatva

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74
Q

Random, causeless, or unexpected

A

Ākasmika

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75
Q

Similarity or resemblance

A

sādṛśya

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76
Q

Falsehood

A

Anṛta

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77
Q

Three nature

A

trisvabhavā

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78
Q

Ultimate truth

A

paramārtha-satya

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79
Q

Dependent

A

Paratantra

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80
Q

Perfected or absolute

A

parinispanna

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81
Q

Universally known or what the world acknowledges

A

lokaprasiddha

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82
Q

Nature

A

Prakṛti

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83
Q

Lone Buddha or silent Buddha

A

Pratyekabuddha

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84
Q

Causal condition

A

Hetupratyaya

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85
Q

Person

A

Pudgala

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86
Q

Meditative consciousness

A

Samādhi

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87
Q

Cause

A

Hetu

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88
Q

Conditions

A

pratyaya

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89
Q

Emptiness of persons

A

Pudgalanairātmya

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90
Q

Emptiness of all things or the selflessness of all things

A

Dharmanairātmya

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91
Q

Change or transformation

A

Vikāra

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92
Q

Mass

A

Ghana

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93
Q

Individual

A

Vyakti

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94
Q

Continuity or concomitance

A

Anvāya

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95
Q

One who has entered the stream

A

śrotāpanna

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96
Q

Meditative Consciousness or Stable Attention

A

Samādhi

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97
Q

Resting meditation

A

śamatha

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98
Q

Liberating

A

Nairyāṇika

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99
Q

Superimposition

A

Samārōpa

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100
Q

Judicious person

A

Prekṣāvat

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101
Q

The epistemological school

A

pramāṇavāda

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102
Q

Illusion or misapprehension

A

Viparyāsa

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103
Q

Radically inaccessible facts

A

Atyantaparokṣa

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104
Q

Confusion or delusion

A

Saṃmoha

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105
Q

Not to injure or compassion

A

ahiṃsā

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106
Q

Magic

A

Māyā

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107
Q

Enlightenment

A

bodhi

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108
Q

Sublime attitudes or the four central Buddhist virtues

A

brahmavihārās

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109
Q

The four immeasurables (central Buddhist virtues)

A

apramāṇa

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110
Q

Equanimity

A

upekṣā

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111
Q

Compassion

A

Karuṇā

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112
Q

Sympathetic joy

A

Muditā

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113
Q

Benevolence or loving kindness

A

maitrī

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114
Q

Well-being

A

Ariyasukha

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115
Q

Diligence, perseverance, courage, or energy

A

Vīrya

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116
Q

Skillful

A

kuśala

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117
Q

Sacred, meritorious, virtuous, morally good

A

Punya

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118
Q

Fiction

A

Kalpanā

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119
Q

Desire or craving

A

Tṛṣṇā

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120
Q

Conceptuality

A

Vikalpa

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121
Q

Buddhist monastic rules

A

Vinaya

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122
Q

Non-virtuous mental factors

A

Caitta

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123
Q

Annihilationism or nihilism

A

Ucchedavāda

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124
Q

Attachment, greed, or lust

A

rāga

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125
Q

Impermanent

A

Anitya

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126
Q

Feeling or sensation

A

Vedanā

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127
Q

Aggregate

A

Saṃcita

128
Q

Fuel, attachment, grasping

A

Upādāna

129
Q

On the basis of, making use of, depending on

A

Upādāya

130
Q

Eternalism

A

sāśvata-dṛṣṭi

131
Q

Inexplicable

A

avyaktavya

132
Q

Psychophysical stream

A

Skandha-santāna

133
Q

Being owned

A

Svatva

134
Q

Release from the cycle of rebirth

A

mokṣa

135
Q

Spirit self, or universal principle

A

puruṣa

136
Q

To count, list, or reason

A

Samkhya

137
Q

Discriminating intellect or discriminating mind

A

Buddhi

138
Q

I-maker our sense of ego

A

Ahamkara

139
Q

Darkness

A

tamas

140
Q

Passion and activity

A

Rajas

141
Q

Conceptual reality

A

prajnaptisat

142
Q

Debate or controversy

A

Vāda

143
Q

Wrangling, chattering

A

Jalpa

144
Q

Belief in a permanent individual

A

Satkāyadṛṣṭi

145
Q

Outside the range of the senses

A

Parokṣa

146
Q

Entailment

A

Vyāpti

147
Q

Linguistic convention

A

Saṃketa

148
Q

Customary transactions

A

Vyavahāra

149
Q

Thesis

A

Pakṣa

150
Q

The path of seeing

A

darśana-mārga

151
Q

Fine as it is unanalyzed

A

avicara-ramaniya

152
Q

The exclusion of the other

A

anyāpoha

153
Q

Imperceptible

A

Parokṣa

154
Q

Tradition or scripture

A

Āgāma

155
Q

Valid reason

A

saddhetu

156
Q

Problem or puzzle

A

samasyā

157
Q

Testimony or speech sound

A

Śabda

158
Q

Super sensible

A

Atīndriya

159
Q

Definitive meaning

A

Nītārtha

160
Q

Meaning that requires textual interpretation

A

Neyārtha

161
Q

Presumption or necessary conclusion

A

Arthāpatti

162
Q

Meditation or contemplation

A

Dhyāna

163
Q

Buddha-nature

A

tathāgatagarbha

164
Q

Great element

A

Mahābhūta

165
Q

Pride

A

Atimāna

166
Q

Instant

A

Kṣaṇa

167
Q

Consciousness

A

Caitanya

168
Q

Knowledge

A

Vidya

169
Q

Mental factors

A

Cetasika

170
Q

Good, skillful, meritorious, wholesome

A

Kusala

171
Q

Unwholesome consciousness

A

akusalacitta

172
Q

Greed

A

Lobha

173
Q

Hatred

A

Dosa

174
Q

Mindfulness

A

Sati

175
Q

Faith

A

Saddhā

176
Q

Shame at doing evil

A

Hiri

177
Q

Tranquility of consciousness

A

Cittapassaddhi

178
Q

Right speech

A

Sammāvācā

179
Q

Wrong view

A

Diṭṭhi

180
Q

Restlessness

A

Uddhacca

181
Q

Pleasant

A

sukhā

182
Q

Perception or cognition

A

Saṃjñā

183
Q

Foundational consciousness

A

Ālayavijñāna

184
Q

Representational form

A

Ākāra

185
Q

Reflexive awareness

A

Svasaṃvedana

186
Q

Lightness

A

Lāghava

187
Q

Desire (Nyaya school)

A

Icchā

188
Q

Doer or agent

A

kartṛ

189
Q

Comparison (epistemic instrument)

A

Upamāna

190
Q

Property, virtue, merit, epistemically special property

A

Guṇa

191
Q

Wealth

A

Artha

192
Q

Critical inquiry

A

Anviksiki

193
Q

Inference for oneself

A

Svarthanumana

194
Q

Inference for another

A

Pararthanumana

195
Q

The world

A

Jagat

196
Q

Eternal

A

Śāśvata

197
Q

Omniscient

A

sarvajnatva

198
Q

Buddhist notion of mind

A

Manas

199
Q

Sense contact

A

Sparśa

200
Q

Attention

A

manasikāra

201
Q

Afflictive mind

A

Klista-manas

202
Q

Abhidharma school that affirms that all exist (eternalism) and accepted the causal criterion of existence

A

Sarvāstivāda

203
Q

Early Abhidharma school that believed in the omniscience of the Buddha, presentism, foundational consciousness, consciousness is natural luminous, and emptiness of Dharmas

A

Mahāsāṃghika

204
Q

Abhidharma school that accepted the reality of persons

A

Pudgalavāda

205
Q

Abhidharma school defended by Vasubandhu that accepted doctrine of extreme momentariness, maybe causal criterion of existence, and denied existence of nirvana

A

Sautrāntika

206
Q

Abhidharma school that rejected personalism & eternalism, thought that nirvana exists and is unconditioned, and accepted sudden enlightenment

A

Vibhajyavāda

207
Q

Discernment

A

Saṃjñā

208
Q

Great compassion

A

Mahākaruṇā

209
Q

Memory or remembrance

A

Smṛti

स्मृति

210
Q

Clear comprehension or clear knowing

A

संप्रजन्य

saṃprajanya

211
Q

The desire to attain enlightenment for the sake of all suffering beings

A

Bodhicitta

बोधिचित्त

212
Q

Conventional knowledge

A

Saṃvṛtijñāna (संवृतिज्ञान)

213
Q

A four cornered system of argumentation that involves examine four possibilities. Also tetralemma

A

Catuṣkoṭi चतुष्कोटि,

214
Q

Implicational negation

A

Paryudāsa

215
Q

Non implicational negation

A

Prasajyapratiṣēdha

216
Q

Domain of reality

A

Dharmadhātu

217
Q

Mental phenomenon, the whole of sentience

A

Nāma

218
Q

Cessation of suffering

A

Nirodha (निरोध)

219
Q

Transformation or change

A

Pariṇāma (परिणाम)

220
Q

Object domain

A

Viṣaya (विषय)

221
Q

Sense faculty

A

Indriya (इन्द्रिय)

222
Q

Point of reference

A

Ālambana (आलम्बन)

223
Q

Approximation or conscious superimposition

A

Upacāra (उपचार)

224
Q

Completely imagined

A

Parikalpita (परिकल्पित)

225
Q

Philosophy or vision of truth

A

Darśana (दर्शन)

226
Q

External object

A

Bāhyārtha (बाह्यार्थ)

227
Q

माध्यमक

A

Madhyamaka

माध्यमक

228
Q

Mindfulness of breathing

A

Ānāpānasmṛti (आनापानस्मृति)

229
Q

Substratum or bade

A

Āśraya

230
Q

Upādāna

A

Craving or attachment

231
Q

Highest yoga tantra

A

Anuttarayoga Tantra (Sanskrit, Tibetan: bla na med pa’i rgyud)

232
Q

An influential Buddhist school of the Small Vehicle (Hīnayāna), closely related to the Sarvāstivāda. Their name derives from a great treatise known as the Mahāvibhāṣā (Great Book of Alternatives) which summarizes their views.

A

Vaibhāṣika

233
Q

Insight

A

Vipassanā (Pāli) or vipaśyanā (Sanskrit)

234
Q

“hearer” or, more generally, “disciple”.

A

Śrāvaka (Sanskrit) or Sāvaka (Pali) means “hearer” or, more generally, “disciple”. Also a teacher of great wisdom such as Buddha

235
Q

Transformation

A

Pariṇāma

236
Q

Two truths doctrine

A

satyadvaya

237
Q

Ultimate

A

Paramārtha

238
Q

Witness consciousness

A

Sākṣī or Shakshi(Sanskrit: साक्षी or शाक्षी)

239
Q

Logic or method

A

Nyaya (न्याय)

240
Q

Cognition (Abhidharma category)

A

Saññā

241
Q

Complexes or formations

A

Saṅkhāra

242
Q

Perfection, noble character qualities generally associated with enlightened beings

A

Pāramitā

243
Q

Patience, forbearance, or forgiveness.

A

Kshanti (Sanskrit kṣānti)

244
Q

Buddhist vow

A

Praṇidhāna (प्रणिधान)

245
Q

Strength

A

Bala

246
Q

Bondage

A

bandhana

247
Q

The doctrine of radical impermanence

A

ksanabhanga

248
Q

Contact or conjunction

A

Saṃyoga (संयोग, “contact”).

249
Q

Concomitance

A

Anvaya

250
Q

Perfection of wisdom

A

Prajñāpāramitā

251
Q

Nontransgression

A

Avītikkama

252
Q

Restraint

A

Saṃvara

253
Q

Words of the Buddha

A

Buddhavacana

254
Q

Worldly

A

laukika लौकिक

255
Q

Average or vulgar man

A

Pṛthagjana (पृथग्जन)

256
Q

Noble

A

ārya

257
Q

The truths of the noble ones or four noble truths

A

catvāri āryasatyāni

258
Q

Eightfold noble path

A

āryāṣṭāṅgamārga

259
Q

Supramundane knowledge

A

lokottarajnana

260
Q

The next or future world

A

Paraloka (परलोक)

261
Q

Hypostatized

A

Samāropita (समारोपित)

262
Q

Established conclusion

A

Siddhānta

263
Q

‘thatness’, ‘principle’, ‘reality’ or ‘truth’. An element or aspect of reality.

A

Tattva

264
Q

Meditation, cultivation, or development

A

Bhāvanā

265
Q

Logician or follower of the nyaya school

A

Naiyāyika

266
Q

Hermeneuticians or those who say only the Vedas are valid

A

Mīmāṃsaka

267
Q

Analysis of the dharmas

A

Dharmapravicaya

268
Q

Extrinsic nature

A

Parābhava

269
Q

Conceptual construction

A

Prajñapti-sat

270
Q

Three marks of existence

A

trilakṣaṇa

271
Q

Inpermanent

A

anitya

272
Q

Extrinsic nature

A

Parabhāva

273
Q

The theory that the effect already exists in the cause

A

Satkāryavāda

274
Q

The theory that holds that the effect does not exist in the cause and is instead a new existent

A

Asatkāryavāda

275
Q

Rules governing Buddhist monastics-literally “toward liberation”

A

prātimokṣa

276
Q

Five aggregates

A

pañca skandha

277
Q

A factor associated with the concentrative absorption. This a joyful samskara (formation) associated with no object so the practitioner is not attaining it by desire. It is often translated with the English word “rapture”

A

Prīti

278
Q

Breaking the barriers, a stage in loving-kindness meditation where extend love to more and more beings

A

sīmasambheda

279
Q

Violence, Cruelty

A

Vihiṃsā (विहिंसा)

280
Q

Decision or intensified interest, a mental factor that is common to consciousness

A

Adhimokṣa

281
Q

Non-attachment

A

Alobha

282
Q

sacred work or scripture

A

āgama (आगम)

283
Q

Pali word for volume. It is often used like the Sanskrit word āgama to mean “collection”, “assemblage”, “class” or “group”

A

Nikāya

284
Q

the learning of the theory of dharma as contained within the suttas of the Pali canon

A

pariyatti

285
Q

Contradiction

A

Virodha (विरोध)

286
Q

Certainty

A

Niścāya

287
Q

esteem; regard; affection; admiration

A

ādara

288
Q

Ethics of the vow

A

Saṃvaraśīla

289
Q

Insane, crazy

A

Unmattaka (उन्मत्तक)

290
Q

Conceptual proliferation or hypostatisation

A

Prapañca

291
Q

science of dialectics, logic and reasoning, and art of debate

A

Tarka Sastra

292
Q

a tradition in dharma discourse that involves building a deep familiarity with the opponent’s point of view before criticizing it.

A

Purva paksha, पूर्व पक्ष

293
Q

Hypothetical reasoning

A

Tarka (तर्क)

294
Q

established and accepted view of any particular school within Indian philosophy; literally “settled opinion or doctrine”

A

Siddhānta

295
Q

Beginningless

A

Anādi (अनादि).

296
Q

mental impressions, recollections, or psychological imprints

A

saṃskāra (संस्कार)

297
Q

Absence; non-concomitance

A

Vyatireka (व्यतिरेक)

298
Q

Darkness, visual distortion, blindness from affection of the optic nerve.

A

timira (तिमिर).

299
Q

Theory of moments or momentariness

A

Kṣaṇavāda

300
Q

the ultimate constituents of a whole such as the 4 physical elements

A

Dhātu

301
Q

Primal sentient consciousness, a passive form of nasal awareness. A state in which the mind is said to rest when no active consciousness process is occurring

A

Bhavaṅga citta

302
Q

Luminous mind; used to describe equanimity reached through meditation, which is said to be “pure, bright, soft, workable, and luminous”

A

prabhāsvara-citta

303
Q

Mental states that cloud the mind and manifest in unwholesome actions

A

क्लेश

304
Q

Hungary ghosts

A

Preta (Sanskrit: प्रेत)

305
Q

Annihilationism

A

uccheda-drsti

306
Q

Fruition of karma

A

karmavipāka

307
Q

Having no beginning, eternal, existing from eternity

A

Anādi (अनादि)

308
Q

One of the six schools of Indian philosophy (Vedic systems) from ancient India. Over time, it became similar to the Nyāya school of Hinduism.

A

Vaiśeṣika वैशेषिक

309
Q

Five hindrances

A

pañca nivāraṇa पञ्च निवरण

310
Q

Ill-will or malice

A

vyāpāda

311
Q

“excitement”, “restlessness”, etc. In the Theravada tradition, defined as a mental factor that is characterized by disquietude, like water whipped by the wind.

A

auddhatya

312
Q

“jealousy” or “envy”. It is defined as a state of mind in which one is highly agitated to obtain wealth and honor for oneself, but unable to bear the excellence of others

A

Īrṣyā

313
Q

Right view

A

samyak-dṛuṣṭi

314
Q

“doubt” or “indecision”. It is defined as being of two minds about the meaning of the four noble truths;

A

विचिकित्सा (vicikitsā)

315
Q

putting together, uniting, fixing the mind in abstract contemplation on the true nature of the soul, contemplate oneness, concentrated or formless meditation, commitment, intentness, steadiness,

A

samādhānam समाधानम्

316
Q

a class of basic visual objects of meditation used in Theravada Buddhism, such as earth, fire, and colors

A

कृत्स्न kṛtsna

Sanskrit Terms (14 decks)

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