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Religous studies > Buddhist beliefs > Flashcards

Buddhist beliefs Flashcards

1
Q

Dharma

A

The teachings of the Buddha and the path of enlightenment

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2
Q

Dependent arising (Patticasamupada)

A

The idea that all things arise dependent on conditions

‘Every wave is dependent on every other wave’ - Sogyal Rinpoche

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3
Q

The three marks of existence

A

anicca, anatta and dukkha

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4
Q

Dukkha meaning and quote

A

There is suffering and it is inevitable.

‘Birth is suffering,ageing is suffering,illness is suffering ,death is suffering , union with what is displeasing is suffering.’ - Samyutta Nikaya

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5
Q

Dukkha-Dukkha

A

ordinary pain or suffering.

e.g breaking your leg

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6
Q

Viparinama - dukkha

A

Suffering caused by change

e.g Old age

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7
Q

Samkahra- dukkha

A

Suffering caused as a result of attachment

e.g Bankruptcy or lost phone

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8
Q

Anicca

A

Impermanence

The idea that everything changes

e.g a person dying, a metal nail getting rusty and gaining knowledge

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9
Q

Anatta

A

No permanent or fixed self

Links to the five aggregates: Form, sensation, perception,mental formation,conciousness

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10
Q

Form

A

our bodies

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11
Q

Sensation

A

our feelings

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12
Q

Perception

A

Our recognition of what things are

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13
Q

mental formation

A

our thoughts

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14
Q

consciousness

A

our awareness of things

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15
Q

Skandhas

A

The five aggregates

What make up the human condition in Therevada buddhism

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16
Q

Sunyata

A

Emptiness

What makes up the human condition in Mahyana buddhism

The concept that nothing has a separate , independent soul or self. Everything is empty, nothing exists independently but only in relation to and because of other things

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17
Q

Buddha-nature

A

The idea that everyone has the essence of a buddha inside them

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18
Q

Buddhahood

A

Mahyana buddhists aim to achieve budddahood. They believe that everyone has the potential to do this because of their inherent buddha nature.

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19
Q

Arhats

A

Therevada tradition

a person who has overcome suffering by following the eightfold path and concentratiing on wisdom, morality and meditation.Not yet enlightened

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20
Q

Bodhisattvas

A

Goal of Mahayana buddhists

Someone who sees their enlightenment as bound to the enlightenment of other people. They are enlightened and can choose wether to carry on in life after enlightenment or straight to nirvana

‘go forth for the welfare of others’ - The buddha

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21
Q

Pure land buddhism

A

Mainly practiced in China and Japan.

Focuses on having faith in the Buddha, and believing he will help buddhist be reborn in Sukhavati. Based on the hope of being reborn in the paradise the Amitabha buddha lives

22
Q

Amitabha Buddha

A

A king who renounced his throne and became a monk. He reached enlightenment and became a buddha, he then created a land far west beyond the boundaries of our world

23
Q

Religious practice of pure land buddhism

A

reciting scriptures, meditating on Amitabha and his paradise, worshipping Amitabha, chanting his name and making praises and offerings to him.If a person follows this they will be reborn in the paradise of Sukhavati.

It is seen to be easier to gain enlightenment in Pure land buddhism which allowed it to gain popular appeal

24
Q

Sukhavati

A

The paradise where the Amitabha buddha lives created out of compassion for pure land buddhists and where they wish to be reborn in the future

25
Q

Buddha’s birth

A
  • He took seven steps when he was born and with each step a lotus flower sprung up from the earth
  • mum Had a dream that a white elephant came down from heaven and entered her womb. 10 months later Siddhartha was born.
  • A prophecy was made that he becomes a great king or a revered holy man.
26
Q

Buddha’s life of luxury

A
  • Dad protected him from pain, sadness and disappointment
  • Lived a life of luxury so he would never turn to religon and become a holy man

‘At my fathers residence lotus ponds were made just for my enjoyment:’ - The buddha in Anguttra Nikaya

27
Q

The four sights

A

Old man, sick man, dead man and a holy man.

Caused him to want an answer to the problem of suffering

28
Q

Ascetic life

A

Rejected everything that gave him pleasure and practiced extreme self discipline .He ate very little and became very thin as a result.He rejected this practice after he was fed some milk and rice by a girl and realised he was no closer to finding the cure for suffering

did for 6 years

29
Q

Middle way

A
  • Discovered the middle way between indulgence and ascetcism
  • neither luxury or asceticism gave him an answer for suffering
30
Q

Buddhas enlightenment

A
  • Began to wonder if meditation was the answer to enlightenment. He meditated so Buddhist meditate to find enlightenment as well
  • During the night that the Siddhartha became enlightened he experienced three watches of the night
  • He was from then determined to teach about the cessation of suffering
31
Q

Three watches of the night

A
  1. Remembering past lives
    2.Understood the importance of anatta and kamma and the cycle of rebirth (Samsara)
    3.Understanding why suffering happens and how to overcome it
32
Q

The four noble truths

A
  1. The truth of suffering (Dukkha)
    2.The true cause of suffering (Samudaya)
  2. The truth of the end of suffering (Nirodha)
    4.The truth of the path leading to the end of suffering (Magga)
33
Q

The first noble truth

A

There is suffering

34
Q

The second noble truth

A

Suffering is caused by Craving (Tanha)

35
Q

The third noble truth

A

Nirodha

That it is possible to end a persons suffering by overcoming craving

36
Q

The fourth noble truth

A

Magga

There is a cure for suffering- The eight fold path

37
Q

Ethics (Sila)

A
  1. Right speech
    2.Right action
  2. Right livelihood
38
Q

Meditation (Samadhi)

A
  1. Right effort - into meditation
  2. Right mindfullness - becoming fully aware of yourself and the world around you
  3. Right concentration - developing mental concentration and focus that is required to meditate
39
Q

Wisdom (Panna)

A
  1. Right understanding - understanding the buddhas teachings
  2. Right intention - having the right approach and outlook on following the eightfold path
40
Q

The eightfold path quote

A

‘.If one acts or speaks with an evil mind , from that sorrow follows him, as the wheel follows the Ox. If one acts or speaks with a pure mind, from that happiness follows him , like a shadow not going away.’ -The buddha in the dhammapada

41
Q

nirvana

A

a state of complete enlightenment, happiness and peace

42
Q

types of suffering

A

There are three types : dukkha-dukkha, Viparinama dukkha , Samkahra dukkha

43
Q

qualities of a bodhisattva

A

Must be generous, moral, patient, able to cultivate perseverance in adversity, meditate and be wise.

44
Q

pureland buddhism quote

A

Even a bad man will be received in the Buddhas land, how much more a good man?’ - Honen

45
Q

suffering quote

A

what I teach is suffering and the cessation of suffering

46
Q

Why the Buddha left his life of luxury

A
  • saw the four sights
  • followed Asitas prophecy
47
Q

Belief in bodhisattvas influences buddhists to

A
  • pray to bodhisattvas to help them on their own enlightenment journey
  • can be male or female encourages buddhists to believe in the equality for all
48
Q

Pureland buddhist beliefs about the pure land

A
  • that they can achieve enlightenment just by chanting the Ambitha buddhas name
  • that being reborn in sukhavati means they will be taught by the ambitha buddha himself and reach enlightenment quicker
49
Q

It is not easy to reach enlightenment

A
  • some believe only males can reach enlightenment meaning its impossible for women
  • suffering is part of human nature and the buddha would not have to teach it is it was easy
50
Q

It is easy to reach enlightenment

A
  • pureland buddhists believe chanting the buddhas name will help them reach enlightenment
    -the buddha did it
51
Q

pureland buddhist chanting the buddhas name quote

A

“If you wish to come and be
born in my realm, you must always call me to mind again and again” - Pureland Sutras

52
Q

sukhavati quote

A

’ all the beings who are born in this Buddha field, they are all fixed on the right method of salvation,until they have won salvation.’ - The Larger Sukhavativyuha Sutra

Religous studies (5 decks)

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