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RS GCSE > BUDDHISM Beliefs and Teachings > Flashcards

BUDDHISM Beliefs and Teachings Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Buddhism

A

a religion founded 2500 years ago by Siddhartha Gautama

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2
Q

What does ‘Buddha’ mean?

A

‘the enlightened one’

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3
Q

where was the Buddha born

A

in southern Nepal

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4
Q

How did Queen Maya hear about having the Buddha

A

a white elephant came down from heaven entered her womb and told her she would give birth to a holy child who would achieve perfect wisdom

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5
Q

What happened when the Buddha was born

A

he could walk and talk without any support

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6
Q

what happened when the Buddha walked

A

with each step a lotus flower sprung from the ground

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7
Q

what does ‘Siddhartha’ mean

A

‘perfect fulfilment’

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8
Q

what prophecy was made shortly after Siddhartha’s birth

A

he would become either a great king or a revered holy man

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9
Q

when did Siddhartha’s mother die

A

when he was seven days old - so he was raised by his mothers sister

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10
Q

where did Siddhartha grow up

A

in a palace surrounded by luxury

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11
Q

what was Siddhartha’s father so determined about

A

he didn’t want his son to seek religion and become a holy man; he wanted to protect his son from any suffering or pain in life

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12
Q

Describe the Buddha’s life of luxury

A

he wore clothes of the finest silk, at the best foods and recieved an excellent education

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13
Q

What is a quote that shows the Buddha’s life of luxury

A

‘I was delicately nurtured’

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14
Q

what did Siddhartha do age 16

A

he married his cousin

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15
Q

what did Siddhartha do age 29

A

he left the palace grounds with his chariot driver to a nearby city where he encountered the four sights

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16
Q

where is the story of the four sights recorded

A

Jataka 075

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17
Q

what was the first sight

A

old age

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18
Q

describe the first sight

A

he saw a frail man and was shocked by what he saw

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19
Q

what was the second sight

A

illness

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20
Q

describe the second sight

A

he saw someone lying on the road in agony and was disturbed - he brgan to understand illness was a reality of life

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21
Q

what was the third sight

A

death

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22
Q

describe the third sight

A

he saw a dead man being carried theough the streets in a funeral procession and was struck deeply

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23
Q

what are the jataka tales

A

popular stories about the lives of the Buddha

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24
Q

what was the fourth sight

A

a holy man

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25
Q

describe the fourth site

A

he saw a man dressed in rags with a peaceful expression on his face and felt inspired

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26
Q

when did Siddhartha leave the palace

A

on the night his son was born

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27
Q

why did Siddhartha give up his posessions and symbols of his previous life

A

they were keeping himself ignorant and thus resulted in him suffering

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28
Q

describe living as an ascetic

A

you live a simple and strict lifestyle with few pleasures and posessions

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29
Q

how did Siddhartha live as an ascetic

A

he rejected anything that would give himself pleasure and practiced extreme self-discipline

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30
Q

what was the effect of practicing meditation with two ascetics on Siddhartha

A

it gave Siddhartha a feeling of bliss however did not offer a permanent solution to the suffering people experienced

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31
Q

what happened when Siddhartha fasted

A

he became increasingly hungry and weak - he looked like a living skeleton and suffered from pain and hunger

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32
Q

Where did Siddhartha live during his period of ascetism

A

in dangerous and hostile forests which were too hot during the day and freezing during the night

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33
Q

Describe how Siddhartha turned away from ascetism

A

he was bathing in a river when a girl offered him a bowl of milk and rice - he accepted the food because he was too weak to meditate

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34
Q

what led Siddartha to develop ‘the middle way’

A

the realisation that neither luxury nor an ascetic lifestyle provided a solution to suffering

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35
Q

what are the 4 different tactics that Mara tried to stop Siddhartha from achieving enlightenment

A
  • he sent his daughters to seduce Siddhartha
  • he sent armies to attack him
  • he offered Siddhartha control of his kingdom
  • Mara himself tried to attack Siddhartha
36
Q

who is Mara

A

a demon that represents spiritual obstacles, especially temptation

37
Q

what was the effect of Mara’s temptations on Siddhartha

A

he remained focused on his meditation and ignored the temptations

38
Q

what are the three watches of the night

A

the three realisations that Siddhartha made in order to achieve enlightenment

39
Q

what is the first ‘watch of the night’

A

Siddhartha gained knowledge of all his previous lives

40
Q

what was the second ‘watch of the night’

A

Siddhartha came to understand the repeating cycle of life, death and rebirth; he understood beings were born depending on their kamma; he realised the importance of anatta

41
Q

what was the third of the ‘three watches of the night’

A

he came to understand why suffering happens and how to overcome it

42
Q

what does dhamma mean

A

‘truth’ about nature of existence

43
Q

what is Pali

A

the language used in the earliest Buddhist scriptures

44
Q

what is Sanskrit

A

the language used in later Buddhist texts

45
Q

what is paticcasamuppada

A

dependant arising

46
Q

what is dependant arising

A

the idea that all things arise in dependance upon conditions

47
Q

what does the tibetan wheel of life show

A

it illustrates the process of dependant arising in relation to human life, death and rebirth

48
Q

what does the type of world that a buddhist is reborn into depend on

A

their kamma

49
Q

what is nibbana

A

a state of complete enlightenment, happiness and peace

50
Q

what is tanha

A

craving

51
Q

list the three marks of existence

A

Suffering (Dukkha), Impermanence (Anicca), Having no permanent soul (Anatta)

52
Q

What is Dukkha?

A

the first noble truth - and the belief that suffering exists

53
Q

What did the Buddha do in the Deer Park after he became enlightened

A

he gave a sermon about the seven states of suffering

54
Q

What is the first type of suffering (known as dukkha-dhukkata)

A

ordinary pain or suffering eg physical and mental pain

55
Q

what is the second type of suffering (known as viparinama-dukkha)

A

suffering produced by change

56
Q

what is the third type of suffering (known as samkhara-dukkha)

A

suffering due to attachment

57
Q

what does anicca mean

A

impermanence

58
Q

what is an example of impermanence affecting living things

A

birth is followed by growth and then decay and then death

59
Q

what is an example of how impermanence affects non-living things

A

an iron nail will rust after being left out in the rain

60
Q

how are dukkha and anicca related

A

when things change (anicca) people experience suffering (dukkha)

61
Q

what is anatta

A

the idea that people do not have a permanent, fixed self or soul

62
Q

what is a quote showing how the buddha taught that there is no dixed part if a person that does not change

A

‘if all the harm, fear and suffering in the world occur due to grasping on to the self, what use is that great demon to me’

63
Q

what are the five aggregates

A

the five aspects that make up a person

64
Q

what is the meaning behind the story of nagasena and the chariot

A

a chariot does not have an independant self that is separate from its parts; nagasena said that people are just the same

65
Q

list the five aggregates

A

form, sensation, perception, mental formations, conciousness

66
Q

when did the buddha discover the four noble truths

A

when he searched for enlightenment under the peepul tree

67
Q

list the four noble truths

A

dukkha, samudaya, nirodha, magga

68
Q

what is the second noble truth

A

samudaya - there is a cause to suffering

69
Q

what is the third noble truth

A

nirodha - there is an end to suffering

70
Q

what is the fourth noble truth

A

magga - there is a path which leads to the end of suffering

71
Q

what is a quote comparing the buddha and his teachings to that of a doctor

A

‘the truth of suffering is like a disease…. and the truth of path is like the medicine’

72
Q

what do Theravada Buddhists believe about the four noble truths

A

they believe understanding the four noble truths is the most important for achieving enlightenment

73
Q

what do Mahayana Buddhists believe about the four noble truths

A

they are somewhat important but they emphasise other teachings such as the development of compassion as being central to the experience of enlightenment

74
Q

what are the four unavoidable types of physical suffering

A

birth, old age, sickness and death

75
Q

what are the three main forms of mental suffering

A

separation from someone/something you love, contact with someone/something you dislike, not being able to achieve/fulfil your desires

76
Q

what are the three animals which are at the centre of the Tibetan Wheel of Life

A

pig, cockerel, snake

77
Q

what does the pig represent

A

ignorance

78
Q

what does the cockerel represent

A

greed and desire

79
Q

what does the snake represent

A

anger and hatred

80
Q

how is the eightfold path split up

A

into the threefold way

81
Q

what is the threefold way

A

wisdom (panna), ethics (sila), meditation (samadhi)

82
Q

what is ethics (sila)

A

a section of the threefold way that emphasises the importance of skilful action as the basis for spiritual progress

83
Q

what is meditation (samadhi)

A

a section of the threefold way that emphasises the role of meditation in the process of spiritual development

84
Q

what is wisdom (panna)

A

a section of the threefold way that deals with Buddhist approaches to understanding the nature of reality

85
Q
A

RS GCSE (3 decks)

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