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Ancient History > Buddhism and Jainism > Flashcards

Buddhism and Jainism Flashcards

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1
Q

Gautama Buddha was born in ______________ (place) and ________________ clan

Buddha’s father, King of _______________
mother
brought up by
wife and son?

A

Lumbinivana
Sakya Kshatriya clan

Sudhodhana, kapilavastu
Mahamaya
Aunt: Mahaprajapati Gautami
Yasodhara and Rahul

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2
Q

Buddha renouncing his home is known as______________ and it is represented by __________

A

Mahabhinishkramana
Horse

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3
Q

Symbols for
Janma
Nirvana/sambodhi
Dharmachakra parvartan
Mahaparinirvana

A

Lotus and Bull
Bodhi tree
Wheel
Stupa

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4
Q

Buddha’s first teacher
next teacher

A

Alara Kalama (Sankhya philosopher)
Udraka Ramaputra

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5
Q

Where did he achieve enlightenment?

A

pipal tree at uruvella
bank of Niranjana (Falgu)

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6
Q

enlightened person in buddhism is called

A

Buddha/ tathagat

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7
Q

Where did Buddha attain Mahaparinirvana?

A

Kushinagara in 483 BC

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8
Q

4 noble truths

A

Chatwari arya satyani
Dukka: Sabbam Dukkam
causes of sorrow Dukha Samudaya: Dwadash nidan/Pratitya Samutpada aka Hetuvada - theory of impermanence

Dukha Nirodha: Nirvana
Dukha Nrodha Gamini Pratipada: Ashtaga Marga - 8 fold path

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9
Q

What entails the 8 fold path

A

Right
- observation
- determination
-speech
- action
- livelihood
- exercise
- memory
- meditation

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10
Q

triratna (3 jewels) of buddhism

A

Buddha, Dharma, sangha

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11
Q

Buddhist council

Venue
Chairman
Patron
result

A

1st buddhist council
Venue : Rajagriha
Chairman: Mahakasyapa
Patron: Ajatashatru
result: compilation of sutta pitaka- by ananda and vinaya pitaka - by uppali

2nd buddhist council
Venue: Vaishali
Chairman: sabbakami
Patron: Kalashoka
result: monks of Vaishali wanted some changes in rites
split into Staviravadins and Mahasanghikas

3rd buddhist council
Venue: Pataliputra
Chairman: Mogaliputta
Patron: ashoka
result: compilation of abhidhamma pitaka
decision to send missionaries to various parts of the world

4th buddhist council
Venue: Kundalban
Chairman: Vasumitra
Vice-chair: Ashvaghosa
Patron: Kanishka
result: division into Hinayana and mahayana
compilation of Mahavibhasha shastra (sanskrit comment on tripitakas, written by vasumitra)

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12
Q

What does the tripitaka contain

A

Sutta pitaka- Buddhist sayings
Vinaya pittaka- monastic code
Abidhamma pittaka - religious discourses of Buddha

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13
Q

other buddhist texts in Pali

A

Milindapanho - dialogue between Milinda (Menander) + Nagasena, buddhist saint

Dipavamsha and Mahavamsha- grest chronicles of Srilanka

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14
Q

Buddhist texts in Sanskrit

A

Ashvaghosha - Buddhacharita, Saundarananda, Sutralankar, Sariputra Prakaran, Vajra Suchi

Vasumitra- Mahavibhasha shastra

Buddhagosha- Visudhamagga, Atthakathayen + Sumangalvasini

Nagarjuna - Madhyamika Karika and Prajnaparimita Karika

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15
Q

Hinayana Buddhism
sought salvation through
they favoured which language

It is known as ________________ religion because it prevalied in___________

2 subsets of Hinayana

A

self-discipline and meditation
didn’t believe in idol worship
Pali
Southern Buddhist Religion, prevailed in South of India- Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Java

Vaibhasika and Sautantrika

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16
Q

Mahayana Buddhism
sough salvation through
favoured which language

It is known as ________________ religion because it prevalied in___________

2 subsects of Mahayana

A

grace and help of Buddha and Bodhisatva
idol worship
Sanskrit

Northern Buddhist Religion, prevailed North of India eg: China, Korea, Japan

Madhyamika/Shunyavad (founder nagarjuna)
Yogachar/Vijnanvad (founder Maitreyanath + discipe Asanga)

17
Q

3rd form of Buddhism
they believed that salvation is best attained by
Chief divinities
became popular in?

A

Vajrayana Buddhism
acquiring magical power, called vajra
Taras
eastern India, particularly Bengal and Bihar

17
Q

3rd form of Buddhism
they believed that salvation is best attained by
Chief divinities
became popular in?

A

Vajrayana Buddhism
acquiring magical power, called vajra
Taras
eastern India, particularly Bengal and Bihar

18
Q

Who are the Boddhisatvas in Buddhism

A

Vajrapani:holds thunderbolt, foe of sin and evil
Avlokitesvara (lord who looks down): aka Padmapani (lotus bearer)- kind hearted
Manjushri( stimulator of understanding): he holds a book describing 10 paramitas (spiritual perfections)
Maitreya: the future buddha
Kshitigriha: Guardian of purgatories
Amitabha/Amitayusha: Buddha of heaven
Tara: female Boddhisattva
aka, Mamki, Lochana, Shveta, pandaravasini

19
Q

Asthasthana associated with Buddha are

A

Lumbini
Uruvella (Bodh gaya)
Sarnath
Kusinagar
Sravasti
Rajgriha
Vaishali
Sankasya

20
Q

Buddhist Universities and their founders

A

Nalanda - Kumaragupta
Vikramashila- Dharmapala
Somapuri- Dharmapala
Odantpuri- Gopala
Jagadal- Ramapala
Vallabhi- Bhattarka (founder of Maitraka of GJ)

21
Q

Ashoka sent his son____________ and daugther ____________________ to ____________ on a mission to spread Buddhism

A

Mahendra
Sanghamitra

22
Q

1st Tirthankar and Symbol
21st Tirthankar and Symbol
22nd Tirthankar and Symbol
23rd Tirthankar and Symbol
24th Tirthankar and Symbol

A

Rishabhadeva/Adinath - Bull

Neminath- blue lotus
Arishtanemi- conch shell
Parshwananth- Serpent
Mahavira- lion

23
Q

____________________ and ________________ describe Rishabha as an incarnation of ______________

A

Visnu purana and Bhagavat Purana
Narayana

24
Q

Rig ved mentions which tirthankaras names

A

Rishabha and Arishtanemi

25
Q

Historical proof only for which tirthankars

A

Parshwanath and Mahavira

26
Q

Parshwanath died at____________

What were his 4 main teachings?
What did Mahavira add?

A

Sammet-Shikar/Parshwanath hill, Giridih, JH

  1. Ahimsa
  2. Satya
  3. Asteya- non stealing
  4. Aparigraha- non possession
  5. Brahmachaya (by Mahavira)
27
Q

Where was Mahavira born?
Father? Mother?
contemporary of
Mahavira was married to ____________and their daugther ____________was married to ____________, who became _____________________

A

Kundgrama near vaishali, Bihar
Siddhartha, head of Jnathrika kshritya clan under Vajji
Trishala, sister of Chetaka, king of Vaishali
Bimbisara
Yashoda, Anonja Priyadarshini, Jamali, first disciple of Buddha

28
Q

Mahavira renounced his family after ____________

he was accompanied by ________, who founded ____________

At the age of 42, under a ____________ tree at ____________ on the bank of ________________ mahavira attained ____________

A

death of father
makkali Gosala, founded Ajivika sect
sal, Jambhikagrama, Rijupalika, kaivalya

29
Q

After enlightenment what was Mahavira called?

A

Kevalin (perfect learned), Jina or Jitendriya, Nrigrantha, Arhant, mahavira

30
Q

Where was mahavira’s 1st sermon?

A

Pava to 11 disciples
Sudharma - one ofthe disciples

31
Q

Where did Mahavira pass away?

A

Pavapuri, Bihar

32
Q

Kalpasutras written by

A

Bhadrabahu

33
Q

Who wrote
Bhadrabahu Charita
Parishishta Parvan (appendix of Trishashthishalaka Purush)

A

Hemachandra

Ancient History (4 decks)

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