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Higher RMPS > Buddhism > Flashcards

Buddhism Flashcards

1
Q

The Four Sights

A
  • Old Age
  • Disease
  • Death
  • Holy Man
  • He had been hidden from these things all his life
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2
Q

The Four Noble Truths

A
  • Dukkha
  • Tanha
  • Nibbana
  • The Eightfold Path
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3
Q

Dukkha

A
  • Life is full of suffering
  • You are never really satisfied
  • Suffering is always there
  • Is caused by craving (Tanha)
  • Major part of human condition
  • Only way to escape dukkha is through enlightenment
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4
Q

Tanha

A
  • Desire/craving
  • Is a fundamental cause of suffering
  • Impermanence causes craving because everything is always changing
  • Craving > Greed > Bad Kamma > Bad Samasaric Re-Birth
  • While we are craving we cannot be enlightened
  • Following Buddha’s teachings (dhamma) leads to life of simplicity
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5
Q

Nibbana

A
  • View that suffering can be overcome
  • Enlightenment
  • Out of reach of the things you craved before
  • once achieved you step out of the Wheel of Samsara and will not be reborn again but become a Buddha
  • Central principle, end goal
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6
Q

The Eightfold Path

A
  • Right view, resolve or intention, speech, conduct, livelihood, conduct, effort, mindfulness, samadhi (meditation)
  • Set of practical steps to allow achievement of nibbana
  • Process will allow you to rid self of desire
  • All to be done at all times
  • Way of wisdom (knowledge of the world), way of morality (actions and behaviour) and way of effort (discipline and meditation)
  • Doctor analogy; Disease>Cause>Prescription>Medicine
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7
Q

Samsara

A
  • The wheel of life
  • Rebirth; when we die we are born to live another life and keep repeating this until nibbana is achieved
  • Birth>Life>Death>Birth>Life>Death
  • Kept turning by the three root poisons (ignorance-pig, hatred-snake, greed-bird/chicken)
  • Bhavacakra; symbolic representation
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8
Q

The Three Jewels

A
  • Sangha
  • Buddha
  • Dhamma
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9
Q

The Sangha

A
  • The community who follow the teachings of the Buddha
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10
Q

The Buddha

A
  • SIddhatta Gautoma
  • Siddartha Gotama
  • Prince who when revealed to the four sights saw the suffering in the world and commits to finding a way to end suffering for all living sentient beings
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11
Q

The Dhamma (Dharma)

A
  • Buddhist’s teachings
  • The way of life for Buddhists
  • Always existed but required the Buddha to realise it
  • Teachings of the Buddha
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12
Q

Arhat

A
  • Buddhist monk
  • Disciplined, motivated, calm, relaxed, selfless, hard working
  • On verge of nibbana
  • Become an arhat to teach others before achieving nibanna
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13
Q

Ley Buddhists

A
  • Follow 5 precepts
  • Follow the eightfold path
  • Do this to develop good kamma and good re-birth but not to achieve nibbana
  • Less intense following of the Buddha’s teachings
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14
Q

The Three Root Poisons

A
  • Ignorance; symbolised by a pig
  • Hatred; symbolised by a snake
  • Greed; symbolised by a bird
  • Continue endlessly, they lead onto one another
  • Ignorance feeds greed, greed produces anger and then hatred
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15
Q

Ignorance

A
  • Pig
  • We are doing this now, living a life away from the Buddhist ideal
  • Spawn of all the root poisons
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16
Q

Hatred

A
  • Snake
  • Intense dislike, our hatred causes to hate ourselves and others
  • Born out of ignorance and greed
  • Fear, anxiety, anger all come from same place
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17
Q

Greed

A
  • Bird
  • Lust or craving
  • When we are greedy we feed our desires & attachments, our greed causes pain and suffering
18
Q

Beliefs - The way Buddhists see the world

A
  • The Buddha
  • The Four Sights
  • Three Marks of existence (Anatta, Anicca, Dukkha)
  • The Four Noble Truths
  • Nibbana & Kamma
  • Samsara
  • The Three Root Poisons
19
Q

Actions/Practices - The way Buddhists behave in the world

A
  • Meditation
  • Follow the middle way
  • Read scriptures (Dhammapada)
  • Take refuge in the sangha
  • Follow the 5 precepts
  • Follow the eightfold path
20
Q

The Five Precepts

A
  • I undertake to abstain from taking life
  • I undertake to abstain from taking that which is not freely given
  • I undertake to abstain from the misuse of the senses (sexual intercourse etc.)
  • I undertake to abstain from wrong speech
  • I undertake to refrain from taking drugs & alcohol which cloud the mind
21
Q

The two main groups of Buddhism

A
  • Mahayana Buddhism

- Theravada Buddhism

22
Q

Mahayana Buddhism

A
  • Translates as ‘The Great Vehicle’ as it offers chance for so many to achieve enlightenment (more inclusive)
  • Around 58% Buddhists are Mahayana
  • Seen as more ‘modern’ form
  • Developed around 1000 years ago
  • Mainly found in China, Tibet & Japan
  • Aim to become a BODHISATVA, chooses to stay in samsara to teach others how to achieve nibbana
23
Q

Theravada Buddhism

A
  • Closer to original teachings
  • 35% of Buddhists
  • Focus on becoming monk and reaching nibbana through monastery life, personal development
  • Believe nibbana achieved through dhamma and individual effort
  • Reserved for monks and nuns, they are less affected by craving and temptations of world
  • Aim to become arhat, ‘worthy of respect’
24
Q

Meditation

A
  • Used for thousands of years
  • Buddha gained enlightenment as direct result
  • Mahayana; ‘If he can do it so can we’
  • Theravada; ‘We should do it the way he did’
  • See themselves as they really are
  • Essential to understand nibbana
  • Two types; relaxing & thinking
25
Q

Samatha Meditation

A
  • Suitable for everyone

- Calms mind, increases self-awareness and self harmony

26
Q

Vipassana Meditation

A
  • Requires us to think
  • Gives chance to see one true reality
  • Requires teacher to begin
27
Q

Puja

A
  • Buddhist worship
  • Lay Buddhists can’t live same as monks so worship in own way; reciting three refuges (Buddha, Sangha & Dhamma) & following five precepts
  • Can also involve chanting, meditation and making offerings to statue of the Buddha, taking part in festivals/pilgrimages too
28
Q

Pali Canon

A

Buddhist scriptures

29
Q

Skandhas

A

The five bundles that make up a person:

  • Body
  • Feelings
  • Perceptions
  • Impulses
  • Consciousness
30
Q

Pretas

A
  • Realm of hungry ghosts

- One of six samsaric realms

31
Q

Nidanas

A
  • Sections of the wheel of samsara

- Show how people pass from one realm to the next

32
Q

Magga

A
  • The Noble Eightfold Path
33
Q

Mara

A
  • Selfish temptation
34
Q

Kamma (Karma)

A
  • An action that produces good or bad results
35
Q

Devas

A
  • A god

- One of the six samsaric realms

36
Q

Asceticism

A
  • Living with only the bare minimum needed of existence

- Trying to strip yourself of desire

37
Q

Tipitaka (Tripitaka)

A
  • The three baskets or sections of Buddhist scriptures
38
Q

Yama

A
  • The lord of death
39
Q

The Human Condition

A
  • What it is like to be human
  • Belief is one of suffering
  • The three universal truths (Anicca, Anatta & Dukkha)
  • The Wheel of Life
  • Dependant Organisation
  • The Four Noble Truths
40
Q

Anicca

A
  • Description of nature of the universe
  • Everything is impermanent and forever changing
  • Nothing will last
  • If we do not accept this then we crave for things to stay the same (tanha) which leads to suffering (dukkha)
41
Q

Anatta

A
  • The concept of anicca applied to people
  • We want to stay the same forever but everything is changing always
  • We crave to stay young forever (tanha) and are sad/disappointed when this doesn’t happen (dukkha)

Higher RMPS (2 decks)

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