Buddhism. Flashcards
It’s name is often used today to refer to the entire conservative movement. This school takes its name from its goal of passing on the Buddhas teachings unchanged. It means “the way of the elders”.
Theravada Buddhism.
As a school, Theravada Buddhism has always stressed the ideal of reaching nirvana through:
Detachment and Desirelesness.
Some critics of this form of Buddhism claim that it has allowed ritual and speculation, which was deemphasize by the Buddha, to creep back in.
Mahayana.
Thought of as existence beyond limitation. Indescribable and beyond all psychological states.
Nirvana.
“The Big Vehicle”: emphasizes that everyone, not only monks can attain nirvana. It also stresses that enlightenment is a call to compassion.
Mahayana Buddhism.
The Theravada collection of Buddha’s teachings, as a whole this mass of material is called: ____ which means three baskets.
Tripitaka.
The pairing of ___ and ___ were central to Mahayana teachings.
wisdom and compassion.
The Mahayana term for compassion:
Karuna.
____ in action, simply means living out of awareness to the unity of the universe.
Karuna.
The ideal in Mahayana Buddhism is the person of deep compassion: “enlightenment being”.
Bodhisattva.
is a mound-like or hemispherical structure containing relics (śarīra - typically the remains of Buddhist monks or nuns), and used as a place of meditation.
Stupa.
a Buddhist term commonly translated as “suffering”, “anxiety”, “stress”, or “unsatisfactoriness”.
Dukkha.
This type of Buddhism is open to anything that can lead to greater spiritual awareness, a concept known as “skillful-means”.
Mahayana.
In people, the cosmic Buddha nature frequently presents itself as: ___.
Potential.
When we experience the mystery of the world, we experience _____.
Dharmakaya.
Siddartha Gautama’s body, because it is considered an incarnation of the divine reality, is called:
Nirmanakaya.
The true name of the Buddha:
Siddhartha Gautama.
Many Buddhist’s believe that this historical Buddha will appear on earth in the future to inaugurate a golden age.
Maitreya.
Mahayana Buddhism envisions many Buddha’s existing simultaneously, each with his own sphere of influence. Particularly important is the bliss-body Buddha who created a Buddha land in the western direction of the setting sun, where he receives the dying who wish enlightenment after death.
Amitabha.
Geometrical designs, usually painted on cloth, that present reality in symbolic form.
Mandala.
“The Diamond Vehicle”: a complex system of belief, art and ritual. This form of Buddhism began esotericly, when India developed practices and beliefs, such as the use of special chants and rituals to gain supernormal powers.
Vajrayana Buddhism
A Tibetan spiritual leader is often called a:
Llama.
This form of Buddhism opposed the original Buddhist detachment from the world and its negative attitude toward bodily pleasure - it taught that the body and all its energies could be used to reach enlightenment.
Tantric Buddhism
For six years, Siddhartha submitted himself to rigorous ascetic practices, studying and following different methods of meditation with various religious teachers. But he was never fully satisfied. One day, however, he was offered a bowl of rice from a young girl and he accepted it. In that moment, he realised that physical austerities were not the means to achieve liberation. From then on, he encouraged people to follow a path of balance rather than extremism. He called this:
The Middle Way.
Three characteristics of reality in Buddhism:
Change, no permanent identity, and suffering.
The sum total of Buddhist teachings about how to view the world and how to live properly.
Dharma.
What are the Three Jewels of Buddhism?
The Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha.
The ____ is the community of monks and nuns.
Sangha.
What are the four noble truths of Buddhism?
To live is to suffer, suffering comes from desire, to end suffering end desire, release from suffering is possible and can be attained by following the eight-fold path.
What the eight steps of the The Eightfold Path:
Right understanding, right intention, right speech, right action, right work, right effort, right meditation, and right contemplation.
What are the five relationships?
Ruler - Subject, Father - Son, Husband - Wife, Older Brother - Younger Brother, Friend - Friend (older-younger)
His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality - correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity.
Confucius.
An ethical system that provides direction for personal behavior.
Confucianism
A state of profound understanding, called his awakening or enlightement:
Bodhi.
Symbolic hand gestures.
Mudra.
A Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism emphasizing the value of meditation and intuition.
Zen Buddhism
A sect of Buddhism (primarily taught in China) that is based upon the Pure Land sutras and teaches nirvana is no longer practical or possible to attain during present day
Pure Land Buddhism
the religion of Tibet, a form of Mahayana Buddhism. It was formed from a combination of Buddhism and the indigenous Tibetan religion. The head of the religion is the Dalai Lama.
Tibetan Buddhism
A Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu, advocating humility and religious piety.
Daoism
A set of five books that form part of the Confucianism canon of ideology and life.
The Five Classics
A set of books that illustrate the core values and belief systems in Confucianism.
The Four Books
Four encounters faced during Buddah’s life which led him to his enlightenment. The four encounters include an old man, a suck man, a corpse, and an ascetic.
Four Passing Sights
What are the three sacred texts of Buddhism known as?
The Three Baskets.
A system that is used for looking into the future.
Divination.
The ___ of the dead, including one’s ancestors, is based on love and respect for the dead. In some cultures, it is related to beliefs that the dead have a continued existence, and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living.
Veneration.
A reform movement forming under Tsong Kha-pa in which he demanded that the munks be unmarried, and that strict monastic practice be reinstituted.
Gelug-Pa
Based primarily on the Master’s sayings, preserved in both oral and written transmissions, it captures the Confucian spirit in form and content - often been viewed by the critical modern reader as a collection of unrelated reflections randomly put together.
The Analects.
Influential from about 400 to 200 BCE, they also had a view of human nature, like Xunzi’s and Mozi’s, but possibly even starker. For this group of people, human beings are fundamentally selfish and lazy. They will lie, cheat, steal, and kill whaenever it is in their interests.
Legalist.
best known for the concepts of “impartial care” (pinyin: Jian Ai; literally: “inclusive love/care”). This is often translated and popularized as “Universal Love”, which is misleading as Mozi believed that the essential problem of human ethics was an excess of partiality in compassion, not a deficit in compassion as such. His aim was to re-evaluate behavior, not emotions or attitudes.
Mohist.
The most authoratative Confucion literature is made up of the:
Five Classics and the Four Books.
A long collection of the teachings of Mencius, a confucian who lived several centuries after Confucius. Like the analects, these sayings frequently began with the phrase, ‘Mencius says”
The Mencius.
One of Confucius’s largest followers, he was slightly more optimistic about human nature. He was struck by the many virtues shown by ordinary people: mercy, kindness and conscience. He thought in human beings that there an “innate goddess”
Mencius.
took the Taoist position of Lao Tzu and developed it further. He took Lao Tzu’s mystical leanings and perspectives and made them transcendental. His understanding of virtue (te) as Tao individualized in the nature of things is much more developed and clearly stated. There is also a greater and more exact attention to Nature and the human place within it which also leads to his greater emphasis on the individual. felt it was imperative that we transcend all the dualities of existence. Seeing Nature at work and the way in which it reconciled these polar opposites pointed the way to the Tao where all dualities are resolved into unity.
Chuang Tzu
is a Japanese Buddhist term for awakening, “comprehension; understanding”
satori
usually translated to “filial piety”; devotion to a son or daughter to a parent. It also means the devotion that all members have to have their entire family’s welfare.
xiao.
“recipriocity”; but its essence answers the question: how will my action affect the other person?
shu
this term means “culture” and includes all the arts that are associated with civilization.
wen
he circulating life force whose existence and properties are the basis of much Chinese philosophy and medicine
qi
the passive female principle of the universe, characterized as female and sustaining and associated with earth, dark, and cold.
yin
he active male principle of the universe, characterized as male and creative and associated with heaven, heat, and light.
yang
is a word in Pali and Sanskrit meaning “association”, “assembly,” “company” or “community” and most commonly refers in Buddhism to the monastic community of ordained Buddhist monks or nuns.
Sangha.
which means “suchness” or “thusness,” is a word sometimes used primarily in Mahayana Buddhism to mean “reality,” or the way things really are.
Tathata
translated into English as emptiness, voidness,[1] openness,[2] spaciousness, or vacuity, is a Buddhist concept which has multiple meanings depending on its doctrinal context.
shunyata
“one who is worthy” or as a “perfected person” having attained nirvana. Other Buddhist traditions have used the term for people far advanced along the path of Enlightenment, but who may not have reached full Buddhahood.
Arhat
A Chinese Philosopher, noted as the founder of Daoism.
Lao Tzu
The outlook that states while the physical form of the body may die, the spirit within become immortal if the mortal life was spent doing good.
Taoist Outlook on Death
The outlook that neither denies or implies the existence of one’s soul, but rather the search of the eternal self through meditation and the belief of achieving spiritual immortality.
Buddha’s outlook on the soul
the outloook that states the purpose of existence is to reach one’s highest potential as a human being. Through a rigorous process of self-cultivation that lasts a lifetime, one may eventually become a “perfected person.”
Confucius’s outlook on human nature
severe self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons
Ascesticism
in Daoism, natural action, or action that does not struggle or excessive effort. Actions in alignment with the flow of life.
Wu wei
the central Taoist text, ascribed to Lao-tzu, the traditional founder of Taoism. Apparently written as a guide for rulers, it defined the Tao, or way, and established the philosophical basis of Taoism.
Daodejing/ Tao-Te-Ching-
