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World Religions > Buddhism > Flashcards

Buddhism Flashcards

1
Q

How old is it?

A

2500 yrs

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2
Q

Does it have a single founder, and single monastic community?

A

yes

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3
Q

Diversity of buddhism

A

Open to new teachings
open to other ways of thinking
Acceptance of local tradition

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4
Q

Foundations

A

SE Asia,

  • takes granted Samsara and the Law of Karma
  • begins with a REAL MAN
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5
Q

The Buddha

A

story of his life is all symbolism
Buddha is a title- similar to Christ
-he “woke up”
-Buddha “Awake”

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6
Q

Siddhartha Gautama

A

5th Century BCE
called “Sakeyamuni”- sage of Sakeya
father was local clan leader
left his family and traveled with Yoga Masters
finally achieved the insight
formed SANGHA- community of Monks and Nuns

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7
Q

4 Sights Siddhartha

A

Death- Corpse
Illness- Illness
Old Age- Old Man
Hermit- Senyasya/ Monk

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8
Q

Sangha

A
  • His core of followers
  • after his death, teachings were orally passes then written down
  • Monks and Nuns- give their life to Buddhism
    • need to be able to mediate, must be ready
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9
Q

First of the Four Noble Truths

A

Dukkha- Noble Truth of Sorrow

  • out of sync, suffering, pain, distress (physical or mental)
  • things never quite good enough
  • life inevitably involves suffering, dissatisfaction and distress
  • Pain that permeates all of life
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10
Q

Second of the Four Noble Truths

A

Tanha- Craving/ Desire for oneself (doesn’t have to be selfish)

  • Noble truth of Arising of Sorrow
  • Suffering caused by desire for self
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11
Q

Third of the Four Noble Truths

A

Noble Truth of Stopping the Sorrow (Elimination of Dukkha)

  • know how it fix it, stop all sorrow
  • Suffering will stop when desire ceases
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12
Q

Fourth of the Four Noble Truths

A

The Means, the Method, the Prescription

-The Eightfold Path is the answer

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13
Q

The 3 Sections of the Eightfold Path

A 
Wisdom- 2
Moral Conduct (Sila)- 3
Contemplation- 3
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14
Q

First 2 parts of the Eightfold Path

A

Wisdom

  1. -Right Understanding- basics of Buddhist Teaching- seeking to overcome Dukkha
  2. -Right Motivation- right intention to eradicate Tanha
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15
Q

Middle 3 parts of the Eightfold Path

A

Moral Conduct (Sila)- good moral conduct

  1. -Right Speech- truthful, kind, helpful
  2. -Right Action- refrain from harm (driving and pollution?, printing paper and tree destruction)
  3. -Right livelihood (Occupation)- vocation, career (not working for the mob)
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16
Q

Last 3 parts of the Eightfold Path

A

Contemplation

  1. -Right Effort- control of mind and will
  2. -Right Mindfulness- type of self-awareness, reinforces control
  3. -Right Meditation- thousands of meditations, if done properly, flashes of nirvana
    - propels one into nirvana, THE ESSENTIAL FINAL STEP
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17
Q

Nirvana

A 
The Supreme- Bliss
Infinate and Unconditioned
Liberation from all Dukkha
Extinction of Tanha
Outside of Samsara
Beyond the Personal
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18
Q

Aniconic

A

no icon- symbolic rather than representative

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19
Q

5 Precepts of All Buddhists

A

Refrain from…

  • Taking Life
  • Taking and Not giving
  • wrong sexual relations
  • wrong speech
  • drugs, liquor and other intoxicants
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20
Q

5 Additional Precepts for Monks and Nuns

A

Refrain from…

  • Eating after noon
  • Watching Entertainment
  • Adornments
  • Sleeping in a high bed
  • Handling and using gold or silver
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21
Q

2 Families of Buddhism

A

Theravada and Mahayana

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22
Q

Differences between the 2 types of Buddhism: The Buddha

A

Theravada: Only historical Gautama Buddha and Past Buddhas are accepted
Mahayana: Besides Siddhartha Gautama, other buddhas are also very popular

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23
Q

Differences between the 2 types of Buddhism: Bodhisattvas

A

Theravada: Only Maireya bodhisattva is accepted
Mahayana: Besides Maitreya, others are very well known bodhisattvas

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24
Q

Differences between the 2 types of Buddhism: Objective of Training

A

Theravada: Arahant
Mahayana: Enlightenment (via bodhisattva path)

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25
Q

Differences between the 2 types of Buddhism: Organization of Buddhist Scriptures

A

Theravada: The Pali Canon especially the Tipitaka (3 baskets)
Mahayana: The Mahayana Buddhist Cannon (contains all Theravada Tipikata and many other sutras not in Tipitaka)

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26
Q

Differences between the 2 types of Buddhism: Liberation

A

Theravada: Main emphasis is self-liberation. Total reliance on one-self to eradicate all defilements.
Mahayana: Besides self-liberation, it is important for Mahayana followers to help other sentient beings.

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27
Q

Differences between the 2 types of Buddhism: Nirvana

A

Theravada: No distinction is made between nirvana attained by a buddha and that of an arahat.
Mahayana: Also known as ‘Liberation from Samsara’, there are subtle distinctions

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28
Q

Differences between the 2 types of Buddhism: Rituals and liturgy

A

Theravada: There are some rituals but not as heavily emphasized as in Mahayana schools.
Mahayana: Owing to local cultural influences, there is much more emphasis on the use of rituals.

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29
Q

Differences between the 2 types of Buddhism: Temple

A

Theravada: Simple layout with the image of Sakyamuni Buddha the focus of reverence.
Mahayana: Can be quite elaborate. 1 chamber/ hall for Siddhartha Gautama (Sakyamuni Buddha) and 2 disciples. 1 hall for the 3 Buddhas (including Amitabha and Medicine Buddha) and 1 hall for the 3 key bodhisattvas

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30
Q

Differences between the 2 types of Buddhism: Schools/ Sects of the Tradition

A

Theravada: One surviving major School
Mahayana: 8 major (Chinese) schools based on the partial doctrines. 4 schools inclined towards practices more popular than the philosophy based schools.

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31
Q

Differences between the 2 types of Buddhism: Non-Buddhist Influences

A

Theravada: Mainly pre-Buddhism influences
Mahayana: heavy mutual influences. China-Confucianism and Taoism exerted some influences on Buddhism which in turn had an impact on the indigenous beliefs.

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32
Q

Theravada Ideal Buddhist

A

Arhat- follows the path to Nirvana and reaches it

  • Solitary Buddhist (usually monks or nuns)
  • fought heroically against tanha
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33
Q

Theravada beliefs on The Buddah

A

Paradigmatic Model, the Ultimate Arhat

-represented by his absence (empty chair)

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34
Q

Theravada Laity

A

Have a secondary role, earning merit

  • preparing for their future lives, Support the monastic community and spreading it
  • all men MUST join the Monastery for at least a little while or else they will bring shame to their family. they are not fully ordained.
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35
Q

Mahayana info

A

Great Boat, loose umbrella term

  • traditions adaptiveity, inclusion, diversity
  • Lotus Sutras- 100BCE to 100CE
36
Q

Theravada Info

A

Teaching of the Elders, focus on meditation and community

37
Q

Mahayana Ideal Buddhist

A

Bodhisattva- holds back before he reaches complete Nirvana, wants to bring others the same emancipation

38
Q

Mahayana belief of The Buddah

A
  • worship based/ focused. The Buddha is prayed to but he is NOT considered God.
  • THE BUDDHA GIVES GRACE
39
Q

Mahayana Laity

A

Monks and Nuns both fully ordained. More equal roles however. Laity can achieve Nirvana by grace

40
Q

Greated Buddhist Thinker in Mahayana

A

Nargajuna

41
Q

Expedient Means

A

lying for the greater good

42
Q

Amida Amitabha

A

Bodhisattva- in the pure land for rebirth

43
Q

Nichirem Buddhism

A

changing ones self to change the world

44
Q

Ch’an or Zen (Part of Mahayana

A

Koans
Anecdotes
-Enlightenment is a spontanious event
-doesnt depend on way of thinking, suppost to break your ways of thinking

45
Q

Koans

A

trying to answer unanswerable questions

  • ex: What is the sound of one hand clapping?
  • ex: What was the appearance of your face before you existed?
46
Q

Anecdotes

A

-thinking about something in a completely different way

47
Q

Ways to reach enlightenment

A
  1. Meditation- sit and open your mind (Zazen)
  2. Mindful Work
  3. Koans
    - These things lead to insight into one’s nature
48
Q

Buddha Nature

A

conscientiousness that can come to enlightenment until you are the same as the Buddha

49
Q

Soto

A

-largest section of Zen, 14,000 Temples, covers all except Koans

50
Q

Obaku

A

smallest division of Zen

51
Q

Ringzai

A

Divisions covers all 3

52
Q

Vajrayana

A

The 3rd Family of Buddhism
Thunderbolt Vehicle, Diamond Vehicle
-flashes out all directions
-Tibet
-Unsure of the History- keep/dont share records
-Relatively rare and quite recent academic teachings outside of Tibet

53
Q

Vajrayana Monks and Nuns

A
  • some involved with govt., military, families, etc.

- 10% of men are full time monks

54
Q

Lamas in Vajrayana

A
  • reincarnation of past teachers

- believe in tantric symbolism

55
Q

Shaminism

A

still practiced

-Can communicate with the spirit world and fight bad spirits

56
Q

New Dali Lama selection

A
  • Lamas get together and meditate on the place
  • find the place, find children that are the correct age (can take a while)
  • Test the child with Pen, Prayer Book, Prayer Wheel, Rosary, etc, some that were owned by the last Dali Lama
  • Child who picks correct things is the Dali Lama
  • finally must take a final exam
57
Q

Bon

A

refers to pre- Buddhist beliefs in Tibet

58
Q

Buddhist Spectulation

A 
Nirvana
Impermanence
Dependent Co-Arising
Dukkha
Anatman
59
Q

Buddhist Spectulation: Nirvana

A

Unconditioned, The Supreme, Buddha-hood, Dharma, You have nothing if you remove your conditioned reality

60
Q

Buddhist Speculation: Impermanence

A

All conditional things are impermanent

-it is the process of flux, inconsistant

61
Q

Buddhist Speculation: Dependent Co-Arising

A

all things are interconnected

  • everything impacts everything else
  • no conditioned beings or phenomena exists independently of other beings or phenomena
62
Q

Buddhist Speculation: Dukkha

A

All conditioned things are unsatisfactory, nothing fully satisfies us

63
Q

Buddhist Speculation: Anatman

A

No self, no human core

-humans do not have

64
Q

Ahimsa

A

Non Violence

65
Q

Amitabha Buddha

A

A Buddha who rules over the Pure Land (a paradise-specifically, the “Western paradise”) who brings those with faith in him to the Pure Land after death. (Mahayanan)

66
Q

Arhant (also arhat)

A

One who follows the Theravada path to Nirvana and reaches Nirvana by eliminating tanha. (Theravadan)

67
Q

Bodhisattva

A

One who seeks Nirvana in order to bring all to Nirvana. Bodhisaatvas make no distinction between self and others and have taken a vow to save all beings. Literally, “Enlightenment Being. (Mahayanan)

68
Q

Dharma

A
  1. Teaching
  2. Duty
  3. In some Mahayanan schools, this term is used- by extension- for all the constituents of reality
  4. Dharma can also mean the whole cosmic moral order
69
Q

Dharma Body (Dharmakaya)

A
  1. The eternal teaching of the Buddha

2. The way the universe was understood by the Buddha at his enlightenment

70
Q

Dukkha

A

Suffering, misery, “unsatisfactoriness, “ill-fare” which pervades human life and is a basic element of existence. (Ill-fare, the opposite of welfare)

71
Q

Karma

A

Action and the results of action
(-Law of Karma- teaching that one’s past actions and intentions determine the circumstances of one’s present life and character)

72
Q

Kuan Yin

A

Bodhisattva of Infinite Grace. Chinese name for a Bodhisattva originally described in the Lotus Sutra.

73
Q

Lotus Sutra

A

Very important early Mahayanan Scripture. This scripture introduced many of the distinctive ideas of Mahayana Buddhist.

74
Q

Meditation

A

Mental Exercises that lead ultimately to the discovery of and entry into Nirvana

75
Q

Mudra

A

Symbolic hand gestures used in Hindu and Buddhist iconography

76
Q

Nirvana (General Def)

A

Liberation from suffering and rebirth “Extinction”: becoming free of tanka. Infinite consciousness. Unconditioned Reality as understood by Buddhism. The ultimate goal (salvation) in Buddhism

77
Q

Samsara

A
  1. The cycle of rebirth, of transmigration of souls
  2. By extension, the world or conditioned reality. (The term Samsara probably originally meant endless wandering or endless flow)
78
Q

Sangha

A
  1. The term is usually used to refer only to the order of fully ordained monks and nuns
  2. Less commonly, the term is used to refer to the whole Buddhist community or “Older”- the “assembly” of monks, nuns, laymen and laywomen
79
Q

Sila

A

Morality. Buddhist ethical teachings

80
Q

Skandhas (groups, aggregates)

A

The five constitutive elements of the human person

81
Q

Stupa

A

Buddhist memorial shrine. Many house relics of the historical Buddha

82
Q

Tanha

A

Desire, craving, self-interest. The “fire” which fuels rebirth

83
Q

Tathagata

A

“One who has thus gone” or “One who has thus come”- a title of the Buddha in early Buddhist literature (Pali Canon) which the Buddha himself uses to describe himself. The title is repeated in later texts as well. The title sees the Buddha as beyond coming and going- the ceaseless changing of ordinary reality.

84
Q

Upasampada

A

Ordination ritual (full ordination)

85
Q

Vajrayana

A

Tantric (or esoteric) Buddhism. Form of Buddhism found in Tibet and elsewhere which emphasizes secret rituals and teachings. Uses sexual symbolism

86
Q

Vesakha

A

Southeast Asian celebration of the Buddha’s birth, enlightenment and final entry into Nirvana

World Religions (3 decks)

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