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RPE > Buddhism > Flashcards

Buddhism Flashcards

1
Q

Buddha’s early life

A
  • stories about birth found in the Jakata
  • He lived in Nepal and born in lumbini - born Hindu
  • his mother freamed
  • he took 7 steps when born to show he was special and a lotus flower appeared at each step and he spoke saying he would have no more rebirths
  • mother died when he was a baby
  • father told by fortune teller he would either be a great ruler or a great wise man - father didn’t want him to be a holy man
  • lived in luxury in palace till 29
  • married and had son
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2
Q

what is the Buddhas real name

A

Siddhartha

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3
Q

What did his mother dream of

A

that an elephant (the symbol of wisdom) entered her womb just before he was born

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4
Q

what are the four sights

A

old age
sickness
death
holy man

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5
Q

what did seeing the four sights lead him to do

A

he left the palace and persued the life of a hindu holy man (ascetic)

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6
Q

How did the four sights impact the Buddha

A
  • made him think about whether there was a way to end suffering
  • made him wonder why we suffer
  • made him realise these sights were ineveitable
  • when he saw the holy man he realised there was a way to be happu
  • he renounced his possesions and became a hindu holy man - starved for years which made him realise that the way to happiness was the middle way
  • realised you do not need much to he happy
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7
Q

how did the Buddha’s early life lead to his enlightenment

A
  • he lived in luxury and was sheltered from suffering which made him want to find out about life and he realised material wealth does not bring happiness but cause suffering
  • prediction of wise man asita that Siddartha would be a holy man led him to believe he would one day be enlightened so he set out to be enlightened
  • when meditating under Bo Tree when he was a boy and found peace and contemplation, he wanted to recreate these conditions as an adult and find the meaning of life
  • becoming a holy man and starving lead him to believe there must be another way to find enlightenment
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8
Q

Buddha’s renunciation

A
  • after seeing 4 sights no longer happy with life of luxury and took robes, left palace and joined two hindu teachers who taught him meditation
  • not satisfied with this so left and joined 5 hindu ascetics who livced in forest and tried to acheive spiritual perfection by living simply and not giving in to bodily desires
  • lived on one grain of rice a day and was very skinny
  • after 6 years accepted milk and rice from a milk maid and broke fast
  • other five holy men were dissapointed and left him
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9
Q

what did the Buddha experience when he was enlightened

A
  • **intimidation **- mara attacked him with wind, rain , rocks, eapons, hot coal, burning ashes, sand, mud and darkness
  • temptation - devil mara tempted him with women and sexual thoughts and frightening images, her daughters appeared and represented greed hate and delusion
  • doubt - buddha saw world as it really is, all his past lives, how universe is string of cause and effect ect.
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10
Q

what happened when he was enlightened

A

he was liberated and became known as the buddha (the enlightened one) he realised peace when all desires are overcome and there is no more suffering

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11
Q

what did the buddha realise when he was enlightened

A
  • realised he had previous lives
  • the universe is a chain of cause and effect (everything happens because it has been caused to happen - Pratitya)
  • world is impermenant (anicca)
  • we’re always changing (anatta)
  • everyone suffers (dukkha)
  • we suffer because we grasp and crave after things
  • we can overcome suffering
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12
Q

what is the dharma

A

the teachings of the buddha

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13
Q

all conditioned things are…

A

… impermanent when one sees this with wisdom one turns away from suffering

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14
Q

Pratitya

A
  • law of conditionality
  • for every event there is a cause
  • works for anywhere in the universe nad for all time
  • web of conditionality so that chains of cause and effect link together, one event can send a rippling event across the whole of nature
  • belive that dharma can help set up right conditions for good effects and to end suffering .g 8 fold path
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15
Q

another name for three marks of existence and what they are

A

lakshanas
(anicca, anatta, dukkha)

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16
Q

anicca

A

everything changes all things in life are impermanent and will stop existing, whilst they do exist they are constantly changing, everything depends on something else for its existence

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17
Q

anatta

A

no permanent self, nobody stays the same from birth to death our bodies emotions and thoughts change we have no fixed identity
(buddhists do not believe in a soul)

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18
Q

dukkha

A

ordinary pain and suffering, we are never truly satisfied

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19
Q

story of nagasena and chariot

A
  • monk was before king melinda and when asked his name be said it but said it was just his name and not a reference to a real self or person
  • confused king how could there be a real person before him if it was just a name?
  • nagesena replied by asking king how he had arrived, he said a chariot and asked king what hte chariot was
  • then nagesena explained it is not the wheels or axel but a name used for a collection of different parts
  • a person is made up of various body part and only when these are put together in a particular name we recognise the owner of these parts
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20
Q

moral of story of nagasena and chariot

A

a person only exists in relation ot the parts they are made up of, there is no separate self which is independant to these parts

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21
Q

importance of 3 marks of existence

A
  • teach them they are not alone in suffering and all life is always suffering shown in story of Kisa Gotami
  • teach there is no permanent self which is important as they can realise they do not need to be fixed in bad habits
  • teach them everything is impermenant and nothing is fixed so they should not be attatched to anything because it will change and they would be dissapointed
22
Q

what is every person made up of

A

5 aggregate/ skhandas

23
Q

“if a person speaks or acts…

A

… with an impure mind suffering will follow

24
Q

4 noble truths

A
  • dukkha - there is suffering
  • samudaya - suffering caused by attachment (tanha)
  • nirodha - to end suffering you need to end attachment
  • magga - 8 fold path can help overcome this
25
Q

why are the four noble truths important

A
  • not alone in suffering which is comforting
  • those who have fathomed the four noble truths walk the right path
  • teaches that the cause of suffering is tanha
  • teaches hope that suffering can be overcome
  • teaches them how to overcome suffering
26
Q

8 fold path

A
  • right view
  • right intentions
  • right speech
  • right actions
  • right livelihood
  • right effort
  • right concentrations
  • right mindfulness
27
Q

importance of 8-fold path

A
  • teaches them to overcome tanha
  • teaches them right morality so they know hoe to behave correctly
  • right wisdom is important for knowing and wishing to follow the Buddha’s teachings
  • right medidtation is important to become aware of suffering and make an effort to think positively and calmly
  • it helps them achieve enlightnement and nirvana
28
Q

samsara

A
  • world of life and death
  • it is a cycle
  • world of change and suffering that we must try to escape
  • constantly reborn into it as a result of our karma (impossible for all results of karma to come out in this life so some will come out in next life)
  • our tendancies and habits are reborn again in next life
  • some believe in different realms animal realm, hungry ghost realm, human realm ect - some take these literally others as symbolic states of mind e.g hungry ghost realm you spend your life craving
29
Q

nirvana

A
  • what happens when you break out of samsara and become enlightened
  • to do so you must be motivated by metta not by three poisons
30
Q

three poisons

A

greed
hatred
ignorance

31
Q

how to therevadan buddhist interpret nirvana

A

humans are finally enlightened at the end of many rebirths and achieve nirvana a state where all desires are overcome and there is no more rebirth

best way to acheive is to become a monk

32
Q

mahayanan beliefs about nirvana

A

some people are enlightened in this life but come back out of compassion the help others become enlightned

they are known ans Bodhisattvas and will no longer be reborn

33
Q

another belief about nirvana

A

we can all experience moments of enlightenment in this life when we are not attached to are desires, but other times in life we will not be experiencing this

34
Q

what are the 5 skhandas/ aggregates

A
  • form
  • sensation
  • perception
  • mental formation (opinions)
  • consciousness
34
Q

Importants of 5 skhandas/ aggregates

A
  • they explain what makes up a person
  • reinforce belief that there is no fixed self (anatta)
  • explain Nagasenna’s analogy of the chariot
  • explain why we behave in the way that we do
  • help buddhists understand where there suffering is coming from
35
Q

sunyata (mahayanan buddhists)

A
  • a term used by mahayanans to mean that nothing is fixed
  • literally means emptiness
  • everything is this way because everything dpends upon other things to exist
36
Q

why is sunyata important

A
  • teaches them nothing is fixed so they know not to rely on or become attached to things
  • they realise that nirvana is possible because their own suffering is not fixed so they can create conditions to stop their suffering
  • lead to reduction of suffering as they are taught that everything is connected
  • links to other teachings of the buddha such as the 3 marks of existance and 8 fold path
37
Q

what is buddha nature (mahayanan)

A

Tathagatagarbha
- like bees surrounding honey - Buddha nature is the honey and the bees are the attachments#
- believe everyone is born with buddha nature
- but the buddha nature is hidden by attachments
- in order to experience buddha nature they must get rid of all negative aspects and everyone has potential to do this
- once they do this they have achieved buddha hood

38
Q

arhat ideals (therevadan)

A
  • to complete the 8 fold path
  • destroy attachments and 3 poisons
  • overcome dukkha
  • once you have done this you are called an arahant
  • easier to do this as a monk living in a monastry
39
Q

how to become and arahant

A
  • live middle way
  • 8 possesions (3 robes, belt, strainer, comb, alms bowl, needle)
  • follow five extra precepts (sleep on low bed, don’t eat after noon, don’t handle money, no makeup/ jewellery, no entertainments)
  • meditate in early mornings afternoons and evenings
  • give dharma talks, lead meditation, allow lay people to put food into their alms bowl which collects them good karma
  • focus on 8 fold patb
  • act skilfully (Punna) there are three ways to do this: giving, meditation and moral conduct
40
Q

buddha hood (mahayanan)

A
  • buddha hood is highest form of enlightenment and everyone has the ability to attain it by unlocking buddha nature - don’t ahve to be a monk
  • mahayan buddhists do not agree with therevadan and still follow same teachings such as the 8 fold path and do not think you have to be a monk to be enlightened
  • even lay people can be enlightened
41
Q

bodhisattva ideals (mahayanan)

A

when someone delays their enlightenment to lead others to enlightenment and involves four stages
- intention
- vow
- practice six paramitas
- buddhahood

42
Q

6 paramitas

A
  • giving
  • morality
  • patience
  • energy
  • meditation
  • wisdom
43
Q

prue land boddhisattva amida (promises and vows)

A

promises
- anyone who has vowed to be reborn in the pureland will be
- amitabha would appear at moment of death to anyone who has lead a good life and wanted to enter pure land
- guarantee that amitabha appeared to you at death and you worked towards it you would enter pure land
- a person reborn into the pure land could choose whether to complete boddhisattva path, become a buddha or return to samsara

44
Q

pure land boddhisattva amida (faith)

A
  • rebirth into pureland could be a literally rebirth into a universe called the pure land
  • rebirth could be interpreted to mean development of enlightened mind
  • you must have to really want it to be reborn
  • must belief in amitabha
45
Q

pure land boddhisattva amida (practice)

A
  • create good karma and dedicate it towards rebirth
  • recide name of buddha over and over as it helps to overcome attatchment and build good karma
  • read sutras and books of teaching that describe pure land in detail
46
Q

karma

A
  • karma means action
  • skillful (driven by metta and karuna) and unskillful actions
  • law of karma means actions have consequences and this applies for all time and in all places
  • some believes if effects memory for example could stir up bad thoughs
  • others believe bad actions cause bad habits
  • some are able to make a new start
  • effects of karma can be felt in rebirth
47
Q

“we are not punished for…

A

… our anger but by our anger”

48
Q

rebirth

A
  • when humans die they are reborn into world of samsara unless they are enlightened
  • depens on karma
  • no soul that is reborn
  • habits and tendencies are passed on into next life
  • some believe people are literlly reborn into heavenly realms
  • people keep being reborn until they can stop being driven by the three poisons
  • mahayanan buddhists believe some people are chosen to be reborn
49
Q

how to get a positive rebirth and accumulate good karma

A
  • practice karuna
  • to do this you must have wisdom
  • practice metta towards yourself anad others
    -practicing these helps to get rid of three poisons
50
Q

5 precepts

A
  1. avoid harming living beings
  2. avoid taking what is not freely given
  3. avoid misuse of the sexes or sexual misconduct
  4. avoid wrong speech
  5. avoid taking clouding the mind
    most important is number one

RPE (3 decks)

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