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R and E > Buddhism > Flashcards

Buddhism Flashcards

1
Q

When did Buddhism begin?

A

2500 years ago/6th-century B.C.E.

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2
Q

Approximately how many people follow Buddhism

A

535,000,000

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3
Q

Three branches of Buddhism

A

Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana

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4
Q

Key features of Buddhism

A
  • It is more of a religious philosophy than a traditional religion.
  • There is no God in Buddhism
  • Spiritual concepts of reincarnation and Nirvana exist.
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5
Q

How did Buddhism evolve

A

When it left India

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6
Q

Key features of Hinduism

A
  • Classified as a polytheistic religion due to the many gods that are worshipped
  • Hindus believe in reincarnation, karma, moksha (heaven), the practices of yoga and meditation
  • Worship the Gods through prayer and offerings.
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7
Q

Caste System

A

If you generate good Karma you will move up the social ladder in your next life. Consequently, if you generate bad Karma you will move down the ladder. Banned in 1950

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8
Q

How does the caste system divide its people

A 
Brahmins- priests and teachers
Kshatriyas- warriors and rulers
Vaishyas- farmers, traders
Shudras- labourers
Dalits- untouchables
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9
Q

Similarities between Buddhism and Hinduism beliefs

A 
Karma
Reincarnation
Human desire --> Suffering
Multiple versions of heaven and hell
Meditation and Yoga
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10
Q

When was Siddartha Gautama born

A

563 BC

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11
Q

What led him to become the Buddha

A

His prophecy was to be a great ruler or a very holy man
His father locked him up in the palace so he could become the emperor of India and not see the outside world
When he left the palace he saw things that changed his view of the world

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12
Q

What did he see when he left the palace

A

Sick man
Old man
Dying man
Holy man

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13
Q

What did he try to do in order to get rid of all his pleasures in life

A

He almost starved himself to death to get rid of all pleasures in life.

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14
Q

Siddartha achieved Nirvana

A

True

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15
Q

Beings are unified by _____

To cease suffering you must _________________

A

suffering

keep things in moderation

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16
Q

Attachment is the __________

A

root of suffering

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17
Q

‘Wisdom is a habit, __________

A

not merely an intellectual realisation’

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18
Q

Sutras/Mantras

A

written quotes by the Buddha made by the Buddha’s followers

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19
Q

Where did Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism spread to

A

Theravada Buddhism spread to South-east Asia

Mahayana Buddhism spread to China and North-east Asia

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20
Q

Buddhist miracles are:

A

Not physical, but spiritual and psychological

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21
Q

The 3 Jewels

A

Buddha - The teacher
Dharma - The teachings and the sacred texts (Tripitaka)
Sangha - The community and monks and nuns

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22
Q

The 4 Noble Truths

A

Dukkha: suffering is inescapable
Samudaya: suffering caused from the greed, ignorance and hatred
Nirodha: suffering can be ended if we stop craving
Magga: The recipe for achieving happiness, virtue and eventually Nirvana

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23
Q

Noble Eightfold Path

A

the guidelines to the end to all suffering

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24
Q

Middle Path

A

Nirvana

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25
Q

Difference between Hinduism and Buddhism (Nirvana)

A

A person can achieve enlightenment in one lifetime and that your social status doesn’t determine if you can be enlightened
You can’t achieve nirvana in one lifetime and it depends on social status

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26
Q

Wisdom

A

Right View

Right Thought

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27
Q

Morality

A

Right Speech
Right Action
Right Livelihood

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28
Q

Concentration

A

Right Effort
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration

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29
Q

Dharma Wheel

A 
Right View
Right Thought
Right Speech
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
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30
Q

Karma

A

A doctrine followed in Buddhism and Hinduism
It is the law of nature and it has an actions and reaction effect
Good and Bad Karma may manifest within each other

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31
Q

Annica

A

The doctrine of impermanence (Everything changes but nothing lasts forever)

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32
Q

Nirvana

A

The removal of our wrong perceptions which comes from suffering

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33
Q

Tripitaka/Pali Canon

A

the teachings of the Buddha and the physical texts that were recorded

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34
Q

Tri/Three Baskets

A 
the 3 sacred parts of the text 
Vinaya Pitaka (collection of monastic codes and rituals) Sutta Pitaka (Buddha’s discourses)
Abhidhamma Pitaka (collection of teachings)
35
Q

Swastika

A

Represents the footprints of the Buddha that has been taken out of context in history. Also represents the Dharma wheel.

36
Q

Lotus

A

Symbol of purity within the Buddhist faith

37
Q

Bodhi Tree

A

Symbol of enlightenment for Buddhist followers

38
Q

Stupa

A

A symbol of Buddha himself, and his enlightenment.

39
Q

Mandala

A

Symbolises workings of the universe

40
Q

Prayer wheels

A

Used as an aid to meditation

41
Q

Buddhist flag

A

Symbolises the six colours that surrounded Buddha’s aura

42
Q

Tiratna

A

Represents the three jewels of Buddhism

43
Q

Deer

A

Symbolises Buddha’s compassion for all animals

44
Q

Alms Bowl

A

symbolises middle ground between giver and receiver

45
Q

Buddha’s Dumbo Ears

A

Symbolises his rejection of the material world

46
Q

Buddha Maitreya

A

Will arrive in the future when original teachings have fully decayed and taught the pure Dharma

47
Q

Buddha Shakyamuni

A

The OG Buddha, first to achieve enlightenment

48
Q

Meditation

A

practising the teachings of the Buddha and to become awakened to Dukkha

49
Q

Mindfulness is crucial in meditation because

A

It creates a connection between self-awareness and awareness of others

50
Q

How do Buddhists meditate?

A

Walking meditation
Chanting
Sitting

51
Q

Why do Buddhists meditate?

A

Liberate the heart from anxiety
Focus on the present
They want to clear the mind from impurity
Develop attention and concentration

52
Q

Mala Beads

A 
Counts the mantra repetitions
Helps to sustain mantras
Most have 108 beads
Only 100 beads are credited
Once a cycle is completed, go around the other way
Help keep focus
53
Q

Wesak Day

A

Celebrates the three major events of the Buddha’s life
Birth, Enlightenment, Achievement of Nirvana
Begins at Buddhist temples at dawn → Meditate on the precepts
The offering of prayers, incense, giving food to the poor + Donations made

54
Q

Wearing White

A

reflects purity

55
Q

Five precepts

A

Abstain from: killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying and taking intoxicants in that order

56
Q

Light oil lamps/candles

A

symbolise lighting up someone’s life

57
Q

Bathing of the Buddha Ceremony

A

Commemorates his birth

Symbolises cleansing of the body

58
Q

Significance of the Buddha Ceremony

A

Buddha was born in Lumbini Garden
He immediately walked with 7 steps looking in different directions
Every lotus grew out from the ground where he stepped
The rains came to bathe him

59
Q

Sangha

A

monastic communities of monks and nuns

60
Q

Theravada tradition

A

young boys spend a period of time as a monk.

61
Q

Vinaya

A

rules and the laws of the Sangha

62
Q

Bhikkhu

A

monks and nuns

63
Q

Why does a male join a monastery

A

To earn religious merit
To earn social merit
Blessings for their family in this lifetime and the next

64
Q

The daily life of a monk

A 
Receive alms (food) to sustain their needs 
Meditation and Study 
Keep their monastery clean 
Own very little possessions
Robes and belt
Food bowl
Needle and thread to mend their robes
Razor to shave their hair.
65
Q

Hair Removal

A

symbol of letting go of the material world

66
Q

3 Saffron Robes

A

symbol for the quest for light

67
Q

Symbol of the Son

A

are a symbol of blessing and growth

68
Q

Renouncing

A

is a symbol to forbid the pursuit of sensual pleasure.

69
Q

Dalai Lama

A

religious leader of Tibeten Buddhists

70
Q

Tulku

A

A person who decides to be continually reborn

71
Q

First reincarnation of the Dalai Lama

A

Gebun Drub

72
Q

Current Dalai Lama

A

Tenzin Gyatso

73
Q

Choosing the Dalai Lama

A

Tibetan government finds the reincarnation of the next Dalia Lama
Through the previous Dalai Lama’s dreams and where the smoke blows
Once the candidate is found they present him with a number of artifacts. The boy is asked to identify those that belonged to the DalaiLama

74
Q

Kundun

A

means ‘the presence’

75
Q

Lhasa

A

is the capital of Tibet

76
Q

in Kundun, the Dalai Lama meets with

A

Chairman Mao Zedong

77
Q

What is under threat due to the Chinese invasion of Tibet

A

Vajrayana tradition because as another Dalai Lama may not be able to be appointed

78
Q

Vesak

A

Commemorating the birth, enlightenment, and death of the Buddha.

79
Q

Upali

A

a monk, one of the ten chief disciples of the Buddha in charge of writing the monastic discipline

80
Q

Anatta

A

refers to the doctrine of “non-self”

81
Q

Samsara

A

the cycle of death and rebirth to which life in the material world is bound.

82
Q

Annada

A

means bliss or happiness

83
Q

Buddha is another word for

A

enlightened

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