Buck converter Flashcards

1
Q

What are assumptions made for the buck converter circuit?

A

> Switch is ideal

> Diode is ideal

> Vi is constant

> C0 is large so the load no current flows through it

> The inductor has a continuously flowing current and is in a steady state operation

> The inductor current can be assumed to be changing linearly with time because the switching frequency is high enough.

> The circuit has negligible resistance

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2
Q

What happens when the switch is closed?

A

> Diode is reverse biased and no current flows through it

> The current flows through the inductor and load.

> We assume no current flows through the capacitor

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3
Q

What happens when the switch is open?

A

> The magnetic field stored in the inductor is released and current flows through the diode and the load.

> We assume no current flows through the capacitor

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4
Q

Draw the waveforms for the inductor current, switch voltage, diode voltage, and switch current

A
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5
Q

What is the equation for the voltage across the inductor and thus the equation for the current through the inductor?

A

V = L × di/dt

∫ (V/L)dt = i

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6
Q

What is the equation to calculate the overall current waveform of the current through the load/inductor?

A

ID + IS = IL

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7
Q

What is the relationship for the on current and off current?

A

∆ion = -∆ioff

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8
Q

What is KVL when the switch is closed?

A

Vi = VL + VO

or

Vi - VL = VO

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9
Q

What is the equation for the inductor voltage based on the duty and the time period?

A

VL = L(∆ion / KTS)

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10
Q

What is KVL when the switch is open? What about when the diode is ideal?

A

VO = VL - VD

When ideal: VO = VL

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11
Q

What is the equation for the output voltage when the switch is closed?

A

VO = VI - L(∆ion / ton)

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12
Q

What is the equation for the output voltage when the switch is open

A

VO = -L(∆ioff / toff)

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13
Q

What is the equation for the voltage relationship dependent on the duty cycle?

A

K = VO / Vi

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14
Q

Derive the voltage relationship equation

A

Vi - VO = L(∆ion / KTS)

(Vi - VO)KTS / L = ∆ion

  • VO = L(∆ioff / (1 - K)TS)
  • VO(1 - K)TS / L = ∆ioff

(Vi - VO)KTS / L = VO(1 - K)TS / L

(Vi - VO)K = VO(1 - K)

ViK - VOK = VO - VOK

ViK = VOK = VO / Vi

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15
Q

For a lossless computer, what are the input and output relationships?

A

Pin = Pout

VOIO = ViIi

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16
Q

For a lossless computer, what is the equation for the current relationship?

A

K = Vi / VO

17
Q

What factors do you need to know to calculate a value for the inductor?

A

> Input voltage (Not requred)

> Output voltage

> PWM Duty cycle

> PWM frequency

> Current ripple

18
Q

What is the equation for the value of the inductor?

A

L = (Vi - VO)K / (fs × ∆I)

19
Q

Derive the equation for the value of the inductor

A

Vi - VO = L∆ion / KTS

(Vi - VO)K = L∆ion / TS

(Vi - VO)K / fS = L∆ion

(Vi - VO)K / fS∆ion = L

20
Q

What is the equation for the inductor value without requiring the input voltage? Derive it

A

L = (1 - K)VO / fS∆ion

L = (Vi - VO)K / fS∆ion

L = (ViK - VOK) / fS∆ion

L = ((Vi/VO)K - K)VO / fS∆ion

L = ((1 / K)K - K)VO / fS∆ion

L = (1 - K)VO / fS∆ion

21
Q

What is the assumption with CO?

A

> CO is so large that we can ignore it (No current flows through it so the voltage across CO is 0).

> In reality this is not the case, assumptions only apply if the buck converter is ideal

22
Q

What is the equation for the rate of change in voltage across the capacitor? Derive it

A

dV0 / dt = [1 / C0] ic

Q = C0V0

dQ / dt = d/dt(C0V0)ic = C0× dV0 / dt

dV0 / dt = [1 / C0] ic

23
Q

When we assume the output current is constant, what is the assumption with the capacitor? What is the equation to describe this?

A

> It is assumed that all the fluctuations in the current is compensated by capacitor.

> I0 = iL - ic

24
Q

What is the equation for the voltage across the output?

A

vO = ∫([1 / C0] ic)dt

vO = Area under the graph for the output current ripple through the inductor

25
What are the equations for the change in the charge across the capacitor?
Area = 1/2 [Base] × Height ∆Q = 1/2 × TS / 2 × 1/2 × ∆i ∆Q = (∆i × TS) / 8
26
What is the equation for the change in the voltage across the capacitor?
∆v0 = (∆i×TS) / (8×CO)
27
What do you need to know to calculate the value of the capacitor?
\> Input voltage \> Output voltage \> Voltage ripple \> Switching frequency \> Inductance \> Duty cycle
28
What is the equation to calculate the value of the capacitor? What is its alternative form?
V0(1 - K) / (8fS2×∆v0×L) = C0 (Vi - V0)K / (8fs2×∆v0×L) = C0
29
Derive the equations to calculate the capacitor values
[Picture3]
30
What is the equation to calculate Vripple and derive it
∆v0 / V0 = (1 - K) / (8C0LfS2) V0(1 - K) / (8fS2×∆v0×L) = C0 V0 / (8fS2×∆v0×L) = C0 / (1 - K) V0 / ∆v0 = C0×8fS2×L / (1 - K) ∆v0 / V0 = (1 - K) / C0×8fS2×L
31
What is the average inductor voltage?
The average inductor voltage is zero because as it increases/decreases the rate is dependent on the time to charge or discharge
32
What is the average diode voltage?
VD = VO + VL = VO