BU Reviewer 1 Flashcards by emomoshidk //

The work or business of installing in buildings the pipes, fixtures, and other apparatus for bringing in the water supply and removing liquid and waterborne wastes.

Plumbing System

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When you are bringing in water in a building

Water Supply Piping System

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Excess water release outside of the building

Sanitary Piping System

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Release stormwater to soil

Stormwater Piping System

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Piping inclination, especially in the sanitary piping system

1-2%

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Water pressure from Water Supply Companies

40 to 50 psi (Ideal - other countries);
20 to 30 psi (Normal - Maynilad in the Philippines)
10 to 15 psi (Summer - Philippines)

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Preferred location for Water Treatment Facilities

Upland Location

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Stores and distributes water from the top downwards to lower floors

Overhead Tank

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Different kinds of cistern

Potable Water;
Rainwater Collection;
Fire Sprinkler;
Air Conditioning;

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Downfeed Pipes

Uses pressure - have smaller pipes compared to RISERS

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OVERHEAD TANK in HOSPITALS

at least 7 days of supply after water interruption

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Hot Water System: Storage (Tank-Type)

Gas Water-Heater
Electric Water-Heater
Solar Water Heater

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Hot Water System: Instantaneous (Tankless)

In-Line Type
Point-of-Use Type (Multi-Point and Single Point)

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In-Line Type

Larger scale - numerous units

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Multi-Point

Numerous Fixtures

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Single-Point

One Fixture

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large volumes of water;
low to medium pressures (40 - 50 psi);
steady flows;
low-to-high discharge pressures;
abrasive, or partly solid liquids;

Centrifugal Pump

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set volume of water with each turn;
multiple directions;
construction pump;

Positive Displacement

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viscous or high-pressure liquids;
steady flows;
medium discharge pressures;
small-to-medium capacities;
Not good for abrasive liquids;

Rotary

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high discharge pressures;
small capacities;
clean and clear liquids;
pulsing flows;

Reciprocating

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designed for submerged operation;
useful in dewatering foundation pits, trenches;

Submersible

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spiral rotor that rotates in a sleeve;
traps water between the rotor and the sleeve forcing it to the outlet
end of the sleeve;

Helical Rotor

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combination of centrifugal and ejector pumps;
economical for low-volume facilities;
commonly used in deep wells;

Jet (Ejector)

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to remove accumulations of liquid in basements (sump pit);

Sump Pump

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used where pressure is low and needs to be increased;

Booster

used in fire protection systems; conjunction with main fire pumps to compensate for minor leaks in the fire protection system; automatically maintain stand-by pressure; 175 psi;

Jockey

Pipe used for sprinkler systems with Fire Pump because of the pressure needed (175 psi); strongest pipe;

GI Steel Pipe

fire pump; used in other countries; Jockey were used as the initial fire pump; consist of one or more centrifugal pump stages driven by a vertical shaft;

Vertical (Trubine)

Flexible Hose (Kitchen Sink, Lavatory, and Water Closet)

3/8" or 9.5mm dia

Main Pipe (Kitchen Sink, Lavatory, Water Closet, Shower, and Clothes Washer)

1/2" or 13mm dia

Main Pipe (Water Heater)

3/4" or 19mm dia

Consists of pipe or tubing and fittings

Piping

Three types of pipes used in Potable Water

Copper Piping (Past - Hot / Present - Airconditioning and Gas); Plastic Piping (Both - Economical); Steel Piping (Past - Cold / Present - Sprinkler and Stand-By);

strong resistance to corrosion; called as tubing because of its thin wall;

Copper Piping

economical and cheap; made from synthetic resins derived from fossil fuels, such as coal & petroleum; no corrosion problems; lightweight;

Plastic Piping

PVC - Cold only

Polyvinyl Chloride

What do you apply in PVC to bond it with the fitting?

Solvent

cPVC - Hot and Cold

Chlorinated PolyVinyl Chloride

Manner of fusing cPVC pipe and uPVC pipe with fitting

Heat-Fusion Machine

uPVC - Hot and Cold

Unplasticized PolyVinyl

PB - Cold only

Polybutylene Pipe

Manner of connecting PB (rolled form)

Barbed Tee

Manner of connecting PB (rigid form)

Heat-Fusion Machine

LDPE - Cold only

Low Density Polyethylene Pipe

Manner of connecting LDPE (rolled form)

Barbed Tee

HDPE

High Density Polyethylene Pipe

Manner of connecting HDPE (rigid form)

Heat-Fusion Machine

PPR

Polypropylene Random Copolymer Pipe

Manner of connecting PPR

Heat-Fusion Machine

Connection of Steel Piping

Threading

galvanized or black types in standard; extra heavy, & double extra heavy weights;

Steel Piping

usually treated, suitable for drinking

Potable Water

wastewater not from toilets or urinals

Graywater

water containing toilet or urinal waste

Blackwater

Allowable reuse for graywater

Planting water; Farming; Laundromat

from washing machines with dirty diaper loads, kitchen sinks, and dishwashers; usually prohibited for reuse

Dark Graywater

backwash water from reverse osmosis water treatment; condensation from a cooling coil

Clearwater

used in high-rise buildings, with discretion of the designer or master plumbing;

Plastic Piping

mid-rise to skyscraper; low maintenance; longevity; no corrosion;

Cast Iron Piping

Fitted within the hub of cast iron pipe

Abaca or Oakum

Hubless Cast Iron Connection

Connector (rubber gasket inside)

Shall not be used underground; 152mm above ground;

Galvanized Wrought and Steel Pipe

Shall not be used above ground; not pressurized; 300mm below ground;

Vitrified Clay Pipe

the screening, sedimentation, filtration etc. of waste water and solids from a sewer, and the disposal of settled sludge in digestion tanks or on drying beds

Sanitary Piping System: Disposal System

On-Site System

Septic Tank; Aerobic Treatment Unit; Sewage Treatment Unit;

Off-Site System

Sewer System

Disposal system used in smaller projects

Spetic Tank

Distance of septic tank from freshwater or cleanwater (river or well)

15.20m

Alternative for septic tank with a pump;

Aerobic Treatment Unit (ATU)

What bacteria is used in Septic Tank and Aerobic Treatment Unit

Anaerobic and Aerobic

the apparatus, vessels and pumps, filters, pipework etc. for treating raw sewage

Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

GFA that requires STP

2000sqm

Number of pumps in a STP

minimum of 6 pumps

has water supply within the piping system that is ready on demand. It is considered the most effective and most reliable system

Automatic wet system

normally filled with pressured air and is allowed where freezing may occur. The use of a hose valve is required to admit water into the system

Automatic dry system

does not have water in the pipes themselves, but is connected to a water supply that must be pumped into the pipes by the fire department.

Manual wet system

does not have water within the pipes or in an attached supply. The water must be pumped in from a source from the fire department. It is commonly used in parking garages

Manual dry system

similar to an automatic dry system, but a remote control located at the hose connection is required to activate the valve to admit water into the system

Semiautomatic dry system

a glass tube is used to retain a water valve on its seating

Quartzoid bulb

the most common type of sprinkler head & can be used in most occupancies & building uses. Each head can typically cover approximately 225 sqft (20.90 sqm.)

Standard Spray Head

activated by a low level of heat and activate earlier because it requires less heat

Fast‐ response Sprinkler Head

not typically intended to extinguish the fire, instead, it minimizes the heat buildup and the production of carbon monoxide, which reduces the toxicity of the space while the occupants are exiting.

Residential Sprinkler Head

have a spray pattern that can cover up to 400 square feet (37.20 sqm), requiring fewer heads but higher water pressure and water flow rate. These are often used in large open areas.

Extended Coverage Sprinkler Head

these heads deliver water in large droplets and are often used in occupancies where a fire may be difficult to suppress, such as a large storage facility.

Large‐drop Sprinkler Head

these heads are used in deluge systems. The heads remain open; they are not activated by their own heat detector, but by a separate detector.

Open Sprinkler Head

sprinklers available for other needs of a space, such as tamper‐resistant or corrosion-resistant sprinklers. Decorative sprinkler heads with custom colors, flush or low profiles, and other similar features are available.

Specialty Sprinkler Head

General Overview of Electricity

Power Generation; Power Plant; Power Distribution; Power Consumption

Used as a service entrance for larger projects;

Powerhouse

A tube, pipe, or duct for enclosing and protecting electric wires and cables

Conduit

Used commonly for service entrance

Rigid Steel Conduit (RSC)