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Unit 1 Exam - Travel and Tourism > BTEC Level 1/2 First Award in Travel and Tourism > Flashcards

BTEC Level 1/2 First Award in Travel and Tourism Flashcards

1
Q

What does MICE stand for?

A

Meetings, Incentive, Conferences, Events

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2
Q

What does VFR stand for?

A

Visiting friends and relatives

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3
Q

What is GDP?

A

Gross Domestic Product - the amount of money a country earns in a year

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4
Q

Who are ABTA?

A

Association of British Travel Agents
● Regulates British travel agents and tour operators.
● Ensures that customers receive a high standard of service.
● Has a fund to help repatriate stranded holidaymakers.

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5
Q

Who are the CAA?

A

Civil Aviation Authority
● Regulate aviation (flying)
● Make sure that the air is managed safely and customers are protected.

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6
Q

What is an example of adventure tourism?

A

Outdoor activities (often remote places) e.g. going to the Amazon Rainforest

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7
Q

What are the three types of travel?

A

Leisure travel - Travelling to relax and enjoy yourself, outside of work hours

Business travel - Travel for work or professional purposes

Specialist travel - Travel which offers the kind of experience the customer wants

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8
Q

What is the economic multiplier effect?

A

When tourists spend money, this provides income for a company (hotel)/people e.g. shopkeeper. These companies then spend it on further goods and services e.g. when you stay at a hotel, they will use your money to buy more supplies of food, to pay for laundry, maintenance etc. They will also pay wages to staff who will then spend this in the local area. This extra income and jobs created is known as the multiplier effect.

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9
Q

What is eco tourism?

A

Resorts that have been developed in a
sustainable way with limited impact on the local environment. They often use local materials and employ local people.

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10
Q

What is sustainable tourism?

A

Meets the needs of tourists and local communities while protecting the natural, historical and cultural environment for the future.

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11
Q

What are the principles (aims) of sustainable tourism?

A

To reduce the negative impact on the environment e.g. ban petrol engines on boats
To create economic benefits e.g. jobs for local people (tour guides)
To conserve local culture e.g. maintaining historical buildings (Pyramids of Egypt)
To promote links and respect between tourists and local communities e.g. people not walking into a church with
their swimming costume on!

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12
Q

What is an example of health tourism?

A

Going to have cosmetic surgery abroad

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13
Q

What is an example of education tourism?

A

Going on a trip to study a language

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14
Q

What is an example of cultural heritage tourism?

A

Discovering places that relate to a country’s history e.g. Egypt (pyramids)

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15
Q

What is an example of dark tourism?

A

Visiting a place where a disaster has happened e.g. Chernobyl or Auschwitz

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16
Q

What is an example of voluntourism?

A

Combining a holiday with charity activity e.g. English teaching in China

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17
Q

What is an example of conservation tourism?

A

Combining a trip with conservation activity e.g. working with rangers to stop poaching

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18
Q

Domestic tourism: definition

A

Taking holidays and trips in your own country

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19
Q

Outbound tourism: definition

A

Travelling to a different country for a visit or holiday

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20
Q

Inbound tourism: definition

A

Visitors from overseas coming into the country

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21
Q

A day trip is a type of leisure travel. What is a day trip?

A

Visiting an attraction and returning home in one day

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22
Q

A short break is a type of leisure travel. What is a short break?

A

Less than 4 nights away from home

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23
Q

A holiday is a type of leisure travel. What is a holiday?

A

A period of rest and pleasure away from work, usually 1 week but could be longer, usually during school holidays

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24
Q

VFR is a type of leisure travel. What is a VFR?

A

Travel to get together with friends and family

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25
Q

A staycation is a type of leisure travel. What is a staycation?

A

A holiday spent at home or in your hometown doing activities or going on trips that there isn’t normally time for because of work

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26
Q

A short break is a type of leisure travel. What is a short break?

A

A one-off or repeated event that people travel to specifically attend; such as concerts, festivals, football matches

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27
Q

What are the environmental factors that sustainable tourism should meet?

A

Make the best use of natural resources as possible e.g. recycling, using renewable energy.
Protect the environment
Protect natural heritage and wildlife
Have very little impact on the surrounding countryside

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28
Q

What are the social/cultural factors that sustainable tourism should meet?

A

Be good for the country and the local people.
Help people get together and get on with each other.
Improve the local quality of life i.e. health and well being
Protect living cultural heritage and traditions.

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29
Q

What are the economic factors that sustainable tourism should meet?

A

Make money for the local people.
Make jobs for local people.
Help improve the lives of people who are poor.
Improve the development infrastructure and economic development of a region.

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30
Q

Direct employment: definition

A

Jobs that are created by the travel and tourism industry, e.g. Travel Agent, Air Cabin Crew, Hotel Manager. People who are in direct employment will meet or help the tourists as part of their job

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31
Q

Indirect employment: definition

A

Jobs that are created to supply and support travel and tourism organisations, e.g. the baker who supplies bread to a hotel; the builders who make the hotels. They will not meet or help the tourists themselves but will be meeting or helping those who do.

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32
Q

How does infrastructure development link to tourism?

A

When a country gets more tourists they need more facilities, as the country makes money from tourism they will improve things like the transport network, water supplies, waste disposal, health facilities, leisure facilities; if tourism numbers go down the country will not have as much money to spend on these things.

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33
Q

Tour operator: definition

A

Companies that organise package holidays. They work with hotels, airlines and other transport companies and produce brochures advertising the holidays they have put together. They sell these holidays through travel agents or directly to customers, online or by telephone.

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34
Q

What is a domestic tour operator?

A

These companies put together UK holidays for people living in the UK, e.g. Shearing’s, Haven Holidays.

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35
Q

What is an outbound tour operator?

A

These companies put together holidays for UK residents wanting to go on holiday overseas, e.g. Thompson Holidays, Thomas Cook

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36
Q

What is an inbound tour operator?

A

These companies provide for overseas tourists who want to travel to the UK, e.g. Pathfinders, GTI Travel.

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37
Q

Travel agents: definition

A

These are people who provide expert advice, arrange and book trips, excursions and package holidays or individual components to book holidays for customers on behalf of tour operators and advise customers on the type of and availability of holidays.

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38
Q

What is a multiples tour operator?

A

Companies with a number of branches/shops throughout the country, e.g. Thompson Holidays and Thomas Cook. These offer lots of deals as they have access to many offers.

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39
Q

What is an independent tour operator?

A

Small privately owned business with fewer than 5 outlets or shops, e.g. Giles Travel. You often get a much more dedicated and personal service.

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40
Q

What is an online tour operator?

A

Companies that only operate on the internet, e.g. Expedia and Travelocity.

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41
Q

What are the advantages of booking with a travel agent?

A

You can buy everything you need for your holiday in one place in a high street shop.
You speak to someone face to face, who help you to find the best deal.
You speak to someone with who knows where the best places are, what the best products are and can give you expert advice.
You know you can complain and get money back if something goes wrong

42
Q

What are the advantages of booking with a travel agent?

A

It can be more expensive if you just want to book a flight as there is a service fee included.
Choices may be limited-for excursions, return tickets or hotels the agent has chosen
Cost – often excursions offered by agencies are more expensive than at the destination.
Some tour operators offer incentives for agents to meet targets; as a result, customers may be sold things they do not need.

43
Q

What are online travel services?

A

Some travel agencies now operate only on the internet to save costs of running a high street shop. These allow customers to access information about airlines, hotels, car-rental companies, cruise lines and last-minute travel packages. Customers can then make their own bookings online.

44
Q

What are the advantages of online travel services?

A

Easy for the customer to book their holiday when they want.
Customers can compare products and costs of services of lots of holiday providers.
Easy to make up the holiday that matches your own needs.
You find out instantly what is available, making it easy to get last minute deals.

45
Q

What are the disadvantages of online travel services?

A

No expert help, no one to talk to for advice.
Limited choice of itinerary.
Lack of security online can lead to credit card theft or identity theft.
Customer has to sort out their own problems if something goes wrong.
It is easy to miss things when you book yourself e.g. transport to and from the airport, insurance etc.

46
Q

What are the pros and cons of road travel?

A

Advantage of Road Travel
● Cars can stop whenever they want
● They can take more luggage
● There are not many toll roads (ones you have to pay to travel on) in the UK
● You can listen to your own music-as loud as you want!
● These days navigation is easy if you have a sat-nav device.

Disadvantages of Road Travel
● Fuel is expensive
● There is a lot of traffic which slows you down
● It is hard for inbound tourists who have to get use to driving on the opposite side of the road.
● You have to concentrate to avoid accidents, (there are more road accidents than other forms of travel), and this is tiring for the driver.

47
Q

What are the pros and cons of road travel?

A

Advantages of Rail Travel
● Very comfortable (especially first class)
● You can get almost everywhere by rail.
● You can sleep, read and work while travelling.
● There is a very good safety record
● You can buy food and drink, there is a toilet and some have a restaurant.
● Most now have charging facilities and Wi-Fi.

48
Q

What is a scheduled airline?

A

These are also known as full serviced airlines, this means that the price of the ticket includes a baggage allowance, food, drinks and entertainment on board e.g. Virgin, British Airways.

49
Q

What is a low cost airline?

A

The ticket price is low but extra fees are charged for each service, for items such are pre booked seats, luggage allowance, food and drinks and priority boarding, e.g. Easy Jet and Ryan Air.

50
Q

What is a charter airline?

A

These flights are only there for holiday schedules and therefore do not run all through the year or as often

51
Q

What are the main ferry routes out of the UK?

A

The main routes to the UK run from the south coast ports to France, The Netherlands and Spain, west coast ports to the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland and east coast ports to Scandinavia.

52
Q

What is serviced accommodation?

A

Accommodation with facilities and services that can be included in the price of a room e.g. housekeeping, meals, concierge, room service, gym and entertainment.

53
Q

What is non-serviced accommodation (room only)?

A

The product is accommodation only e.g. bed. Additional facilities may be available like tea and coffee making.

54
Q

What is self catered accommodation?

A

Accommodation which includes a kitchen so you can cook for yourself.

55
Q

What is a hotel (a type of serviced accommodation)?

A

Provide private services for guests. They can be large and small and go from a small budget to a large budget. Many have a 1-5 star rating (1=low budget 5=Luxury) so, the tourist has an idea on the quality of the hotel. The majority serve breakfast and dinner, and they usually have an alcohol licence. Normally people stay in hotels for short, irregular amounts of time.

56
Q

What is a motel (a type of serviced accommodation)?

A

They are specifically set up close to a major road or city centre for convenience of motorists. Payment for the hotel may not be required until check-in. Meals are provided by a separate restaurant facility. E.g. Travelodge, Premier Inn.

57
Q

What is a guest house/bed and breakfast (a type of serviced accommodation)?

A

These are small private businesses often run by families usually in a private house. Stays can vary from one night to a few days. Sometimes business people will use them for longer/regular stays. The range of services is limited; breakfast is available however other meals may not be provided.

58
Q

What is a youth hostel (a type of non-serviced accommodation)?

A

These are cheap to stay in. You can sleep in dormitory style accommodation (a large room for males or females with rows of beds), in a shared room or in a private room. Some have cooking facilities. These are aimed at young people and people who want to go on holiday by walking from place to place with all their things in a rucksack (backpackers) People usually only stay for 1 or 2 nights.

59
Q

What is a campsite (a type of non-serviced accommodation)?

A

They provide pitches (an area of ground) for visitors to bring their own tents or caravans, some have caravans that are there all the time and people hire them for their holidays. You can pay for water and electricity to hook up to your caravan. They will have a bathroom and toilet block that you can use. Some have shops and entertainment on site.

60
Q

What is a holiday park (a type of non-serviced accommodation)?

A

You can hire self-catering accommodation like caravans or mobile homes, it is usually basic with a kitchen, bedrooms, living area and a bathroom. Many will have on site entertainment or sports facilities, shops and activities for families. Some are in the countryside; others are based by the coast.

61
Q

What is a natural attraction?

A

A natural feature of the environment that is interesting to tourists.
Some natural areas have been built to help protect the environment. Example: Durdle Door

62
Q

What is a purpose built attraction?

A

A man-made attraction that has been built to attract tourists. Example: Alton Towers

63
Q

What is a heritage attraction?

A

Attractions associated with history and/or culture.
These can include:
1. Historic buildings or historic coastlines that were NOT built for tourists in the past however, they do attract tourists due to their history.
2. Places that contain pieces of history. E.g. museum.
Heritage tourism may also help protect traditions and historic features.

Example: Windsor Castle

64
Q

What are special events?

A

These are non-permanent attractions that interest both tourists and local residents. They happen periodically, this could be every year, or every few years.
Some of these happen in the same place each time, e.g. the E.g. the Southport Flower Show, others change place each time, e.g. The Olympics.

65
Q

What are festivals?

A

These are ‘special events’, as they are short term and occur once a year.
Festivals celebrate a wide range of interests or activities, including music, literature, Arts and Crafts, food, comedy or film. Festivals will usually have entertainment activities alongside the main event, and a variety of products and services.

66
Q

What is a theatre?

A

A theatre is a building with a stage where people pay for tickets to be entertained. Tickets can be very different in price depending on which theatre it is, where you are sat and which show it is, top shows need booking many months in advance. Some of the London shows attract inbound tourists from other countries.

67
Q

Who is responsible for promoting tourism?

A

Tourist/visitor information centres
Local government departments
Regional tourist boards
National tourist agencies

68
Q

Which is the government department responsible for tourism?

A

This is the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. (DCMS) It is their role to;
● Decide on policy for tourism.
● Promote growth in tourism.
● Encourage domestic tourism and the money it makes.
The DCMS also funds the British Tourist authority (VisitBritain) to promote the UK overseas and supports England’s Tourist board (VisitEngland).

69
Q

What is a national tourism agency?

A

These market tourist companies and destinations for a whole country. They provide information on tourist destinations and products, both at home and abroad. It is their role to encourage inbound tourists to visit the country, by promoting the countries identity, tourist attractions and natural features. Their role is to also promote special events and to give advice to local tourist boards. Examples include VisitEngland, VisitWales, VisitScotland and the Northern Ireland Tourist Board.

70
Q

What is a regional tourism board?

A

These promote tourism in a specific region or area. Their websites either provide information directly or link visitors to destination websites that give information on visitor attractions, special events, advice and guidance, as well as booking service for accommodation.
Regional tourist boards include;
● East of England Tourist Board
● North West Tourist Board
● London Tourist Board
● South West Tourist Board.

71
Q

Who are the ORR?

A

Office of Rail Regulation
● Regulates health and safety on Britain’s railways.
● Makes sure customers are treated fairly and gives taxpayers value for money.

72
Q

Who are ATOL?

A

Air Travel Organisers’ Licence
● Financial protection scheme.
● Run by CAA.
● Ensures that travellers do not lose their money or become stranded abroad.

73
Q

Car hire is a type of ancillary service. What services do car hire offer?

A

● Online or telephone booking.
● Wide range choice of vehicles.
● Dropping the vehicle off at the airport or collecting from the airport.
● Car insurance included in the price.

74
Q

Travel insurance is a type of ancillary service. What services does travel insurance offer?

A

Travel insurance is added to holidays to make sure that customers are protected financially if something goes wrong while they are away. For example, it covers you if you have an accident or injury, if you need to cancel your holiday, if theft occurs

75
Q

Airports are a type of ancillary service. What services do airports offer?

A

Airports deal with a large number of travellers every day so need a large number of facilities and services to deal with the amount of passengers. . Many travellers arrive to the airport by car and use the long-term airport car park. There may also be transport in the airport. Inside the terminals (areas in the airport) there are café’s, restaurants, bars and retail shops. There are also lounges where passengers can relax before they get a flight. Customers can also exchange their money for different currency in an Exchange Bureau.

76
Q

Event booking is a type of ancillary service. What services does event booking offer?

A

Some organisations specialise in arranging and booking tours at tourist destinations. Tickets for theatre shows and attractions can also be bought as extras to a holiday. They can be bought online, or sometimes a ticket office outlet can be found on the high street in larger towns and cities. Example of an online ticket outlet is Ticketmaster

77
Q

What is a private organisation?

A

Most organisations in the travel and tourism industry are privately owned. This means they are owned by an individual or partners or by a group of people called shareholders. The main function of these companies is to make a profit, which can then be paid out to shareholders or kept by the owner. Profits can be made by selling more holidays, flights or other tourism products and services. Examples include Thompson Holidays, EasyJet, Haven and Hilton. Theme parks, travel agents and tour operators are all privately owned.

78
Q

What is a public organisation?

A

Public sector organisations are run by the government. Their primary aim is to not make a profit; instead they exist to provide a wider service to the community by informing, educating and advising the customer

79
Q

What is a voluntary organisation?

A

These organisations are often charities. Some are pressure groups who try to influence government policy and consumer (customer) thinking e.g. Tourism Concern. They do not try to make a profit any money made funds their cause. They get their money from merchandise (things sold in shops), donations and grants. Some exist to educate the public, to promote a particular cause, educate and inform.

80
Q

What is common ownership?

A

This is where the same company owns lots of different businesses. There are 2 main types of common ownership:
Vertical Integration – where a business at one point of the chain of distribution purchases or acquires a business at a higher or lower level of the chain of distribution
Horizontal Integration – where businesses at the same level in the chain of distribution merge together or are purchased by another business

81
Q

What is vertical integration?

A

Where a business at one point of the chain of distribution purchases or acquires a business at a higher or lower level of the chain of distribution.

82
Q

What is horizontal integration?

A

Where businesses at the same level in the chain of distribution merge together or are purchased by another business

83
Q

What are commercial partnerships?

A

These are separate organisations working together on a common venture (one thing). More companies are beginning to do this in the travel industry, e.g. hotel groups working with airlines. The two companies have different owners but work together to sell one product, like a package holiday.

84
Q

What are the advantages of common ownership and commercial partnerships?

A

● Increases sales and money coming in due to more efficient business operations.
● Marketing and promotion (advertising) efforts are doubled, increasing customer and trade recognition (more people know who they are).
● Combined expertise helps companies to provide good customer care.
● Gives them more power over suppliers (because they are buying more, suppliers don’t want to lose them as customers so make their prices cheaper).
● Enables greater economies of scale (when making larger quantities of one thing it costs less to make each one), this happens because they are selling more of the same product
● Shared resources (things all the business can share)
● Wider customer base (more customers).

85
Q

What are the disadvantages of common ownership and commercial partnerships?

A

● Size of operation, it becomes too big to manage properly.
● Less competition means that the customer has less choice.
● Loss of personalised customer care
● The company ends up monopolising the market (having most of the customers) so it has more control over the whole industry.
● Inflexibility, not easy for them to change products to meet changing customer wants and needs.
● Can lead to large scale redundancies (people losing their jobs) if the company decides to close branches and offices

86
Q

How do airports use technology?

A

Machines for self-service check-in are where passengers can enter their details and print their boarding pass. This means they can go straight to the gate to catch the plane or take their luggage to a bag drop-off point, if they have one. Some airlines also let you check in from home and print your boarding pass there.

87
Q

What are the pros and cons of airports using self check in?

A

Advantages –
● They save time for the customer
● It is cheaper because you don’t need as many check in staff.

Disadvantages.-
● People could lose jobs.
● Not everyone finds it easy to use technology.
● Less personal contact with the customers

88
Q

How do visitor attractions use technology?

A

Technology is used for interpretation (giving the customer the information in a way that they understand it e.g.in a different language, to help them and understand what they are looking at). Multimedia helps customers have a much more exciting experience. In museums people can have a hands-on experience rather than just looking at an object. Interactive technology allows the visitor to make things work, especially in a science museum.
Audio guides are very popular. They offer recorded information through an individual head set. Visitors can choose their language and go round the exhibition (show) at their own speed.
If you want to go to an attraction you can make your booking online before you go.

89
Q

What are the pros and cons of visitor attractions using technology?

A

Advantages
● You can book ahead wherever you live.
● Sometimes you get better offers online
● You can print off tickets so you don’t have to queue.

Disadvantages
● You might not have internet access.
● You might find using technology difficult.

90
Q

How does accommodation use technology?

A

Online Bookings – Most things can be booked online, you can book directly with a Hotel’s own website or with a company like Laterooms.com or Trivago. Once you have made the booking you can often cancel if necessary. You will get an email and maybe a text message confirming your booking.

Entertainment and Communication – In luxury hotels, guests are welcomed with an onscreen personal message. A touch screen can be used to control everything in the room, such as lighting, air conditioning and the television or music. The device will also let the guests communicate with the front desk or restaurant.
Hotels can use technology to check guests in. Guests arrive and check in on screen. Many people prefer to be checked in by a person so they still have staff there to welcome guests.
Most types of accommodation offer Wi-Fi. However, you usually have to pay for it and in some hotels it is expensive at as much as £5 per hour.

91
Q

How are mobile apps used in travel and tourism?

A

There are hundreds of travel applications available and of interest to travellers. Some allow bookings to be made such as Airline applications, train ticket apps or hotel bookings. Others offer support or information. Examples are translations applications, language lessons. Maps give 3-D images and directions which help when sightseeing. Good examples of these would be the following
● AirBnB
● Foursquare
● Premier Inn
● Travelodge

92
Q

How are mobile tickets used in travel and tourism?

A

Tickets can be sent straight to email when you have booked online for hotels, flights, trains and events. All you have to do is print and go. In fact you might not even print but show your phone screen using m-ticket.

93
Q

How might websites be used in travel and tourism?

A

A lot of travel and tourism websites also come in the form of mobile applications. It is easier to carry out your research and review your destinations on a large screen and you can be inspired to visit a destination by having a virtual tour of the scenery and facilities. Of course you can also use review websites to find out what other tourists thought about a hotel or destination.

94
Q

If a question asks you to evaluate, what does this mean?

A

To look at both the good things and bad things and decide which is better.

95
Q

If a question asks you to compare, what does this mean?

A

Say how two things are like each other and how they are different from each other.

96
Q

If a question asks you to outline, what does this mean?

A

Describe in 2 or 3 sentences the whole thing, including key points.

97
Q

If a question asks you to explain, what does this mean?

A

To say why something is the way it is, using phrases like ‘this means that’, ‘therefore’, ‘as a result’, ‘this leads to’

98
Q

What are the pros and cons of accommodation using technology?

A

Advantages
● You could see what it is like on a virtual tour.
● Sometimes you get better offers online
● It requires less staff if you can check in online, saving the hotel money.

Disadvantages
● People could lie on their reviews.
● Room tours cost money and need updating regularly.

99
Q

What is an ancillary service?

A

Ancillary services refers to organisations that do not have a direct role in travel and tourism, but play a supporting role, perhaps offering related products and services, like car hire.

100
Q

Regulation: definition

A

A rule or law that companies have to follow

Unit 1 Exam - Travel and Tourism (1 decks)

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