BTE_210_Flashcards

Question 1

Term

Answer 1

Definition

Question 2

Supercomputer

Answer 2

The fastest computers available, used by large organizations for computationally demanding tasks.

Question 3

Mainframe Computer

Answer 3

High-performance computers capable of handling millions of transactions per day.

Question 4

Midrange Computer (Minicomputer)

Answer 4

Smaller, relatively inexpensive computers with some mainframe capabilities.

Question 5

Microcomputer (PC)

Answer 5

The smallest and least expensive category of general-purpose computers.

Question 6

Desktop PC

Answer 6

A standard personal computer with a separate monitor and keyboard.

Question 7

Thin-Client System

Answer 7

Desktop computers that rely on network access for applications rather than local installations.

Question 8

Laptop (Notebook)

Answer 8

Small, portable computers designed for ease of transport and use.

Question 9

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Answer 9

The ‘brain’ of the computer that manipulates data and controls tasks.

Question 10

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Answer 10

Performs simple math and logic operations within the CPU.

Question 11

Control Unit (CU)

Answer 11

Manages and coordinates the components of the computer.

Question 12

Cache Memory

Answer 12

High-speed memory that stores frequently used data close to the CPU.

Question 13

Primary Storage

Answer 13

Temporarily stores data and program instructions during processing.

Question 14

Registers

Answer 14

Small, high-speed storage areas within the CPU.

Question 15

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Answer 15

Stores active programs and data being used.

Question 16

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Answer 16

Permanent storage for essential system instructions.

Question 17

Secondary Storage

Answer 17

Long-term storage for data and programs.

Question 18

Solid State Drive (SSD)

Answer 18

A type of secondary storage using memory chips instead of moving parts.

Question 19

Optical Storage Device

Answer 19

Uses lasers to read and write data (e.g., CDs, DVDs).

Question 20

Flash Memory

Answer 20

Nonvolatile storage with no moving parts, using less power than traditional drives.

Question 21

Bit

Answer 21

The smallest unit of data in computing, representing a binary value (0 or 1).

Question 22

Byte

Answer 22

A group of 8 bits, representing a character or unit of data.

Question 23

Input Device

Answer 23

Hardware that allows users to enter data into a computer (e.g., keyboard, mouse).

Question 24

Output Device

Answer 24

Hardware that displays or delivers results from a computer (e.g., monitor, printer).

Question 25

Software

Answer 25

A set of instructions that direct a computer to perform tasks.

Question 26

System Software

Answer 26

Software that manages hardware resources and provides a platform for applications.

Question 27

Operating System (OS)

Answer 27

Manages hardware, software, and user interactions (e.g., Windows, macOS).

Question 28

Application Software

Answer 28

Programs designed for user tasks (e.g., word processors, spreadsheets).

Question 29

Multitasking

Answer 29

Running multiple processes simultaneously by switching between them rapidly.

Question 30

Multiprocessing

Answer 30

Using multiple CPUs to run multiple processes concurrently.

Question 31

Multithreading

Answer 31

Running multiple parts of a program in parallel.

Question 32

Memory Management

Answer 32

Allocating and managing system memory efficiently.

Question 33

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)

Answer 33

Firmware that initializes hardware during startup.

Question 34

Device Driver

Answer 34

Software that enables communication between the OS and hardware.

Question 35

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Answer 35

A visual-based user interface with icons and windows.

Question 36

Proprietary Software

Answer 36

Commercial software with restricted use and modification rights.

Question 37

Open-Source Software

Answer 37

Software whose source code is available for public use and modification.

Question 38

Software License

Answer 38

A legal agreement governing software usage and distribution.

Question 39

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Answer 39

Integrated software managing core business processes.

Question 40

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

Answer 40

Software that coordinates supply chain operations.

Question 41

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Answer 41

Systems managing customer interactions and data.

Question 42

Analytical CRM

Answer 42

Analyzes customer data to improve business decision-making.

Question 43

Operational CRM

Answer 43

Manages direct customer interactions (e.g., call centers, sales tracking).

Question 44

Computer Network

Answer 44

A system connecting computers and devices to share resources and information.

Question 45

Bandwidth

Answer 45

The rate of data transmission in a network, measured in bits per second (bps).

Question 46

Broadband

Answer 46

A high-speed network with greater bandwidth.

Question 47

Personal Area Network (PAN)

Answer 47

A small network for personal devices.

Question 48

Local Area Network (LAN)

Answer 48

A network covering a limited area, like an office or school.

Question 49

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Answer 49

A network spanning large geographical areas, like the Internet.

Question 50

Client

Answer 50

A computer that requests services or resources from a network.

Question 51

Server

Answer 51

A computer that manages and provides network resources.

Question 52

Internet Protocol (IP) Address

Answer 52

A unique numerical address assigned to a device on the Internet.

Question 53

IPv4

Answer 53

The standard IP addressing system using a 32-bit format.

Question 54

IPv6

Answer 54

A newer IP format allowing more device addresses.

Question 55

Domain Name System (DNS)

Answer 55

Converts IP addresses into human-readable domain names (e.g., google.com).

Question 56

Wired Internet Connection

Answer 56

Internet access using physical cables.

Question 57

Wireless Media

Answer 57

Communication channels that transmit signals without cables.

Question 58

Microwave Transmission

Answer 58

Uses high-frequency radio waves for long-distance communication.

Question 59

Satellite Transmission

Answer 59

Uses satellites to transmit signals over large distances.

Question 60

Infrared Transmission

Answer 60

Uses light waves for short-range communication (e.g., TV remotes).

Question 61

Bluetooth

Answer 61

Short-range wireless communication for connecting devices.

Question 62

Wi-Fi

Answer 62

Medium-range wireless networking technology for local networks.

Question 63

Cellular Network

Answer 63

A mobile communication network using radio signals.

Question 64

LTE (Long-Term Evolution)

Answer 64

A wireless broadband standard for mobile internet.

Question 65

5G

Answer 65

The latest generation of cellular network technology with high-speed data transmission.