BT Binder

Question 1

Name important rules by CARD involving dual relationships and bounderies

Answer 1

Dual relationships are never ok, do not contact clients on personal devices, do not do additional extra services.

Question 2

Exposure procedures

Answer 2

Stop providing treatment, secure patient with co-worker, wash area thoroughly, contact supervisor, and always follow up with an incident report!

Question 3

What is Behavior Analysis

Answer 3

Science of behavior based upon the principles of learning and motivation studied extensively by B.F. Skinner.

Question 4

What does ABA mean

Answer 4

Applied Behavior Analysis

Question 5

Core principle of ABA

Answer 5

Desirable consequences will increase behavior, whereas undesirable consequences will decrease behavior.

Question 6

What is behavior

Answer 6

Anything a person says or does.

Question 7

What is Stimulus

Answer 7

Any physical object or event that an individual can see, hear, smell, touch or taste.

Question 8

What is Envirnoment

Answer 8

All of the events and stimuli which affect the behavior of an individual

Question 9

What is a response

Answer 9

A particular occurrence or instance of a behavior, after an antecedent.

Question 10

What is 3-Term Contingency

Answer 10

A method used within ABA to understand, predict, and change behavior.

3 components: Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence

ABC, manipulating antecedents and consequences we can increase desirable behaviors and decrease undesirable behaviors.

Question 11

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)

Answer 11

A pervasive developmental disorder which significantly affects individuals across multiple areas of ability.

4-5 times more likely in males

Question 12

What are the 3 Primary Characteristics of ASD

Answer 12

Deficits in Social Communication
Deficits in Social Interactions
Presence of Restrictive or Repetitive Behaviors/Interests

Question 13

Criteria to be Diagnosed with ASD

Answer 13

Symptoms must be present prior to age 3

Symptoms must not be better explained by another diagnosis

Symptoms must impact an individuals ability to function
Additional diagnostic specifiers to indicate levels of severity, language or intellectual impairment.

Question 14

How to build Rapport

Answer 14

Treat every client as if you know nothing about them, treat them like everyone else and gage levels of language and abilities through conversation and engagement.

Get to know what the patient enjoys, start session in a fun way, Check in with parents, caregivers, and staff to see if there is anything you should be aware of.

Question 15

What is Skill Repertoire

Answer 15

All of the skills an individual can perform

Question 16

What is Behavior Management

Answer 16

Decrease of challenging behaviors which interfere with learning.

Question 17

What are the Areas of Skills

Answer 17

Language Skills - “I want ball/I want to play with ball”

Adaptive Skills - Making a bed, washing hands

Social Skills - Peer play, activities with another, conversation

Academic Skills - Reading, Writing, and mathematics

Motor Skills - Fine motor, gross, visual and oral

Play and Leisure - pretend play, reading.

Perspective Taking - Putting self in someone’s shoes

Executive Function - Problem Solving, planning

Question 18

What is Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT), why use DTT, and the 3 parts of DTT

Answer 18

A teaching method with a clear beginning, middle and end used to promote learning new skills.

Teaches learners when and how to respond, gives immediate feedback to the learner.

3 parts are Antecedent (SD), Response, Consequence

Question 19

What are the two primary types of antecedent that will be present during DTT

Answer 19

Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
Motivating Operation (MO)

Question 20

What is a Discriminative Stimulus (SD)

Answer 20

A stimulus presented, can be an instruction or a cue to the learner which elicits a response.

A red light

Question 21

What is a Motivating Operation (MO)

Answer 21

Environmental stimulus, conditions, or events that change the effectiveness of a reinforce.

2 Types - Establishing Operation (EO)
                 Abolishing Operation (AO)

Question 22

Establishing Operation (EO)

Answer 22

Environmental stimulus, conditions, or events that increase the effectiveness of certain reinforcers.

Question 23

Abolishing Operation (AO)

Answer 23

Environmental stimulus, conditions, or events that decrease the effectiveness of certain reinforcers.

Question 24

How long to give between the SD and response

Answer 24

3 seconds to decide if incorrect, no answer, or correct

Question 25

What is consequence and the 2 Primary Types of Consequences

Answer 25

The outcome that occurs immediately following the learners response. Reinforcement - correct response Error Correction - Incorrect or no response

Question 26

Positive and Negative Reinforcement

Answer 26

Positive - Occurs when the learner is given something when the behavior occurs Negative - occurs when the learner has something that is taken away when the behavior occurs

Question 27

Primary and Secondary Reinforcement

Answer 27

Primary - Unlearned reinforcement (food or water) Secondary - Learned reinforcement (Toys or social praise)

Question 28

Preference Assessments

Answer 28

A procedure to identify what an individual is interested in at a particular moment. Should do often through session, change over time by environmental influences. Present 3 items for learner to choose from, change them if none selected.

Question 29

Free Operant Observation

Answer 29

During play see what they gravitate towards.

Question 30

Guidelines for reinforcement

Answer 30

Deliver immediately following the response within 1/2 a second. Items easy to give and remove. Change items to avoid boredom. Pair primary to secondary to promote fading.

Question 31

Difference between expressive language and receptive

Answer 31

Expressive is the ability to express ones thoughts or wants with words or expression. Receptive is the ability to understand words and languages

Question 32

Difference between verbal behavior and vocal behavior

Answer 32

Verbal is any behavior that is reinforcement by another person. Vocal can be like talking to yourself

Question 33

Basic Verbal Operants

Answer 33

Echoic - Learner echo's what you say Mand - A request or demand Tact - A comment about their environment Intraverbal - A conversation

Question 34

What is a prompt

Answer 34

A hint to assist the learner in providing a correct response to the SD. Direct Prompts: Telling client how to respond exactly to an SD Indirect Prompts: Guides to correct response to an SD through questions/statements.

Question 35

Types of Direct Prompts

Answer 35

Full Physical, Partial physical, Model, Echoic, Directive, Gestural, Proximity, Stimulus Manipulation, Visual/Textual.

Question 36

Two Primary Prompting Techniques

Answer 36

Errorless - for teaching skills/ Mass trial | Error Correction - For known or mastered skills / Random Rotation

Question 37

What is No-No-Prompt-Repeat

Answer 37

An error correction procedure where we allow 2 incorrect answers or no answers, prompt the third time and repeat a 4th time no prompt.

Question 38

What is inadvertent prompting and why to avoid

Answer 38

Prompting without know you are, avoid because it will create fake data and prompt dependency.

Question 39

Key terms for Discrimination Training

Answer 39

Acquisition Target, Mass Trial, Random Rotation, Distractor Trial, Distractor Item, Mastery

Question 40

What is considered Mastery Criteria

Answer 40

Criteria which determines when a client has mastered a target. 2 times at 80% or better in Random Rotation with a first trial correct without prompt, with 2 different techs.

Question 41

Successive Discrimination Training

Answer 41

Presenting SD in environment, no field of stimuli. 3 steps and 2 steps in training. - MT Target 1 alone - MT Target 2 alone - RR Target 1 vs Target 2 - MT Target 3 alone - RR Target 3 vs Target 1 vs Target 2

Question 42

Simultaneous Discrimination Trainining

Answer 42

A field of stimuli is presented with the instruction. 7 steps and 4 steps - MT Target 1 alone - MT Target 1 vs unknown - MT Target 2 vs alone - MT Target 2 vs unknown - MT Target 1 vs Target 2 - MT Target 2 vs Target 1 - RR Target 1 vs Target 2 - MT Target 3 vs alone - MT Target 3 vs unknown - MT Target 3 vs known (T1 or T2) - RR Target 3 vs Target 1 vs Target 2

Question 43

NET Terminology

Answer 43

Combining - Presenting 2 or more SDs during activity Capturing - Utilizing existing SDs/opportunities present in natural environment Contriving - Tech manipulates environment to create learning opportunities.

Question 44

Types of NET Prompts

Answer 44

``` Rephrasing the Question Leading Questions Acting Confused Choices Hypothetical Scenario Experiential Indirect Visual/Texual ```

Question 45

Explain Shaping and how to do it

Answer 45

Systematically reinforcing successive approximations of a target behavior. (Target: Bubbles) "Say Buh" now say "Bub" until target reached

Question 46

Types of Behavior Chains

Answer 46

Backward Chaining - Learner focuses on completing the last step in sequence. Forward Chaining - Learner focuses on first to last step Total Task Presentation - Teach learner all the steps of the behavior chain.

Question 47

What is Topography and Function

Answer 47

Topography is the physical form of the behavior. | Function is the reason the behavior is occurring

Question 48

What are the 4 common functions of Behavior (SEAT)

Answer 48

Sensory - Behavior produces own reinforcement Escape - Escaping non-preferred tasks, activities or demands Attention - Getting attention from another individual Tangible - Getting a preferred item or activity

Question 49

What is Behavior Intervention Plan ( BIP )

Answer 49

A detailed written description of a problem behavior and the interventions designed to reduce the behavior. Decrease problem behavior, Increase wanted behaviors

Question 50

Give an example of Non-Contingent Reinforcement (NCR)

Answer 50

Giving a client attention every 10 seconds fore free so they do not seek attention every 15 seconds by doing inappropriate behaviors.

Question 51

Give example of Functional Communication Training (FCT)

Answer 51

Teaching a client how to communicate to avoid problem behaviors. Child throw tantrum for toy but doesn't know how to ask for it.

Question 52

What is Behavior Momentum

Answer 52

Client goes through easier or preferred tasks prior to a more difficult task. (High probability requests)

Question 53

Name the types of extinctions

Answer 53

Escape Extinction - Prevent the client to escape or delay a task as a result of the behavior. Tangible Extinction - Withholding access to a desired item or activity. Automatic Extinction - Taking out a stimuli that the client abuses. Response Blocking - Physically blocking or interrupting the behavior when it happens Attention Extinction - Withholding attention (good or bad) that had been previously given as a result of the behavior.

Question 54

Differences between DRA, DRI, and DRO

Answer 54

Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior - Reinforcement of an alternative behavior while withholding reinforcement for the inappropriate behavior. Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior - Reinforcing behavior that can’t occur at the same time as the inappropriate behavior. Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors - Client gets reinforcement for not engaging in the unwanted behavior for a period of time. (resetting DRO, Non-restting DRO)