BT Binder Flashcards
Name important rules by CARD involving dual relationships and bounderies
Dual relationships are never ok, do not contact clients on personal devices, do not do additional extra services.
Exposure procedures
Stop providing treatment, secure patient with co-worker, wash area thoroughly, contact supervisor, and always follow up with an incident report!
What is Behavior Analysis
Science of behavior based upon the principles of learning and motivation studied extensively by B.F. Skinner.
What does ABA mean
Applied Behavior Analysis
Core principle of ABA
Desirable consequences will increase behavior, whereas undesirable consequences will decrease behavior.
What is behavior
Anything a person says or does.
What is Stimulus
Any physical object or event that an individual can see, hear, smell, touch or taste.
What is Envirnoment
All of the events and stimuli which affect the behavior of an individual
What is a response
A particular occurrence or instance of a behavior, after an antecedent.
What is 3-Term Contingency
A method used within ABA to understand, predict, and change behavior.
3 components: Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
ABC, manipulating antecedents and consequences we can increase desirable behaviors and decrease undesirable behaviors.
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)
A pervasive developmental disorder which significantly affects individuals across multiple areas of ability.
4-5 times more likely in males
What are the 3 Primary Characteristics of ASD
Deficits in Social Communication
Deficits in Social Interactions
Presence of Restrictive or Repetitive Behaviors/Interests
Criteria to be Diagnosed with ASD
Symptoms must be present prior to age 3
Symptoms must not be better explained by another diagnosis
Symptoms must impact an individuals ability to function
Additional diagnostic specifiers to indicate levels of severity, language or intellectual impairment.
How to build Rapport
Treat every client as if you know nothing about them, treat them like everyone else and gage levels of language and abilities through conversation and engagement.
Get to know what the patient enjoys, start session in a fun way, Check in with parents, caregivers, and staff to see if there is anything you should be aware of.
What is Skill Repertoire
All of the skills an individual can perform
What is Behavior Management
Decrease of challenging behaviors which interfere with learning.
What are the Areas of Skills
Language Skills - “I want ball/I want to play with ball”
Adaptive Skills - Making a bed, washing hands
Social Skills - Peer play, activities with another, conversation
Academic Skills - Reading, Writing, and mathematics
Motor Skills - Fine motor, gross, visual and oral
Play and Leisure - pretend play, reading.
Perspective Taking - Putting self in someone’s shoes
Executive Function - Problem Solving, planning
What is Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT), why use DTT, and the 3 parts of DTT
A teaching method with a clear beginning, middle and end used to promote learning new skills.
Teaches learners when and how to respond, gives immediate feedback to the learner.
3 parts are Antecedent (SD), Response, Consequence
What are the two primary types of antecedent that will be present during DTT
Discriminative Stimulus (SD) Motivating Operation (MO)
What is a Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
A stimulus presented, can be an instruction or a cue to the learner which elicits a response.
A red light
What is a Motivating Operation (MO)
Environmental stimulus, conditions, or events that change the effectiveness of a reinforce.
2 Types - Establishing Operation (EO)
Abolishing Operation (AO)
Establishing Operation (EO)
Environmental stimulus, conditions, or events that increase the effectiveness of certain reinforcers.
Abolishing Operation (AO)
Environmental stimulus, conditions, or events that decrease the effectiveness of certain reinforcers.
How long to give between the SD and response
3 seconds to decide if incorrect, no answer, or correct
What is consequence and the 2 Primary Types of Consequences
The outcome that occurs immediately following the learners response.
Reinforcement - correct response
Error Correction - Incorrect or no response
Positive and Negative Reinforcement
Positive - Occurs when the learner is given something when the behavior occurs
Negative - occurs when the learner has something that is taken away when the behavior occurs
Primary and Secondary Reinforcement
Primary - Unlearned reinforcement (food or water)
Secondary - Learned reinforcement (Toys or social praise)
Preference Assessments
A procedure to identify what an individual is interested in at a particular moment. Should do often through session, change over time by environmental influences.
Present 3 items for learner to choose from, change them if none selected.
Free Operant Observation
During play see what they gravitate towards.
Guidelines for reinforcement
Deliver immediately following the response within 1/2 a second.
Items easy to give and remove. Change items to avoid boredom.
Pair primary to secondary to promote fading.
Difference between expressive language and receptive
Expressive is the ability to express ones thoughts or wants with words or expression. Receptive is the ability to understand words and languages
Difference between verbal behavior and vocal behavior
Verbal is any behavior that is reinforcement by another person. Vocal can be like talking to yourself
Basic Verbal Operants
Echoic - Learner echo’s what you say
Mand - A request or demand
Tact - A comment about their environment
Intraverbal - A conversation
What is a prompt
A hint to assist the learner in providing a correct response to the SD.
Direct Prompts: Telling client how to respond exactly to an SD
Indirect Prompts: Guides to correct response to an SD through questions/statements.
Types of Direct Prompts
Full Physical, Partial physical, Model, Echoic, Directive, Gestural, Proximity, Stimulus Manipulation, Visual/Textual.
Two Primary Prompting Techniques
Errorless - for teaching skills/ Mass trial
Error Correction - For known or mastered skills / Random Rotation
What is No-No-Prompt-Repeat
An error correction procedure where we allow 2 incorrect answers or no answers, prompt the third time and repeat a 4th time no prompt.
What is inadvertent prompting and why to avoid
Prompting without know you are, avoid because it will create fake data and prompt dependency.
Key terms for Discrimination Training
Acquisition Target, Mass Trial, Random Rotation, Distractor Trial, Distractor Item, Mastery
What is considered Mastery Criteria
Criteria which determines when a client has mastered a target.
2 times at 80% or better in Random Rotation with a first trial correct without prompt, with 2 different techs.
Successive Discrimination Training
Presenting SD in environment, no field of stimuli.
3 steps and 2 steps in training.
- MT Target 1 alone
- MT Target 2 alone
- RR Target 1 vs Target 2
- MT Target 3 alone
- RR Target 3 vs Target 1 vs Target 2
Simultaneous Discrimination Trainining
A field of stimuli is presented with the instruction. 7 steps and 4 steps
- MT Target 1 alone
- MT Target 1 vs unknown
- MT Target 2 vs alone
- MT Target 2 vs unknown
- MT Target 1 vs Target 2
- MT Target 2 vs Target 1
- RR Target 1 vs Target 2
- MT Target 3 vs alone
- MT Target 3 vs unknown
- MT Target 3 vs known (T1 or T2)
- RR Target 3 vs Target 1 vs Target 2
NET Terminology
Combining - Presenting 2 or more SDs during activity
Capturing - Utilizing existing SDs/opportunities present in natural environment
Contriving - Tech manipulates environment to create learning opportunities.
Types of NET Prompts
Rephrasing the Question Leading Questions Acting Confused Choices Hypothetical Scenario Experiential Indirect Visual/Texual
Explain Shaping and how to do it
Systematically reinforcing successive approximations of a target behavior. (Target: Bubbles)
“Say Buh” now say “Bub” until target reached
Types of Behavior Chains
Backward Chaining - Learner focuses on completing the last step in sequence.
Forward Chaining - Learner focuses on first to last step
Total Task Presentation - Teach learner all the steps of the behavior chain.
What is Topography and Function
Topography is the physical form of the behavior.
Function is the reason the behavior is occurring
What are the 4 common functions of Behavior (SEAT)
Sensory - Behavior produces own reinforcement
Escape - Escaping non-preferred tasks, activities or demands
Attention - Getting attention from another individual
Tangible - Getting a preferred item or activity
What is Behavior Intervention Plan ( BIP )
A detailed written description of a problem behavior and the interventions designed to reduce the behavior.
Decrease problem behavior, Increase wanted behaviors
Give an example of Non-Contingent Reinforcement (NCR)
Giving a client attention every 10 seconds fore free so they do not seek attention every 15 seconds by doing inappropriate behaviors.
Give example of Functional Communication Training (FCT)
Teaching a client how to communicate to avoid problem behaviors.
Child throw tantrum for toy but doesn’t know how to ask for it.
What is Behavior Momentum
Client goes through easier or preferred tasks prior to a more difficult task. (High probability requests)
Name the types of extinctions
Escape Extinction - Prevent the client to escape or delay a task as a result of the behavior.
Tangible Extinction - Withholding access to a desired item or activity.
Automatic Extinction - Taking out a stimuli that the client abuses.
Response Blocking - Physically blocking or interrupting the behavior when it happens
Attention Extinction - Withholding attention (good or bad) that had been previously given as a result of the behavior.
Differences between DRA, DRI, and DRO
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior - Reinforcement of an alternative behavior while withholding reinforcement for the inappropriate behavior.
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior - Reinforcing behavior that can’t occur at the same time as the inappropriate behavior.
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors - Client gets reinforcement for not engaging in the unwanted behavior for a period of time. (resetting DRO, Non-restting DRO)
