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CARD > BT Binder > Flashcards

BT Binder Flashcards

1
Q

Name important rules by CARD involving dual relationships and bounderies

A

Dual relationships are never ok, do not contact clients on personal devices, do not do additional extra services.

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2
Q

Exposure procedures

A

Stop providing treatment, secure patient with co-worker, wash area thoroughly, contact supervisor, and always follow up with an incident report!

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3
Q

What is Behavior Analysis

A

Science of behavior based upon the principles of learning and motivation studied extensively by B.F. Skinner.

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4
Q

What does ABA mean

A

Applied Behavior Analysis

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5
Q

Core principle of ABA

A

Desirable consequences will increase behavior, whereas undesirable consequences will decrease behavior.

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6
Q

What is behavior

A

Anything a person says or does.

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7
Q

What is Stimulus

A

Any physical object or event that an individual can see, hear, smell, touch or taste.

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8
Q

What is Envirnoment

A

All of the events and stimuli which affect the behavior of an individual

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9
Q

What is a response

A

A particular occurrence or instance of a behavior, after an antecedent.

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10
Q

What is 3-Term Contingency

A

A method used within ABA to understand, predict, and change behavior.

3 components: Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence

ABC, manipulating antecedents and consequences we can increase desirable behaviors and decrease undesirable behaviors.

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11
Q

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)

A

A pervasive developmental disorder which significantly affects individuals across multiple areas of ability.

4-5 times more likely in males

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12
Q

What are the 3 Primary Characteristics of ASD

A

Deficits in Social Communication
Deficits in Social Interactions
Presence of Restrictive or Repetitive Behaviors/Interests

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13
Q

Criteria to be Diagnosed with ASD

A

Symptoms must be present prior to age 3

Symptoms must not be better explained by another diagnosis

Symptoms must impact an individuals ability to function
Additional diagnostic specifiers to indicate levels of severity, language or intellectual impairment.

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14
Q

How to build Rapport

A

Treat every client as if you know nothing about them, treat them like everyone else and gage levels of language and abilities through conversation and engagement.

Get to know what the patient enjoys, start session in a fun way, Check in with parents, caregivers, and staff to see if there is anything you should be aware of.

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15
Q

What is Skill Repertoire

A

All of the skills an individual can perform

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16
Q

What is Behavior Management

A

Decrease of challenging behaviors which interfere with learning.

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17
Q

What are the Areas of Skills

A

Language Skills - “I want ball/I want to play with ball”

Adaptive Skills - Making a bed, washing hands

Social Skills - Peer play, activities with another, conversation

Academic Skills - Reading, Writing, and mathematics

Motor Skills - Fine motor, gross, visual and oral

Play and Leisure - pretend play, reading.

Perspective Taking - Putting self in someone’s shoes

Executive Function - Problem Solving, planning

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18
Q

What is Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT), why use DTT, and the 3 parts of DTT

A

A teaching method with a clear beginning, middle and end used to promote learning new skills.

Teaches learners when and how to respond, gives immediate feedback to the learner.

3 parts are Antecedent (SD), Response, Consequence

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19
Q

What are the two primary types of antecedent that will be present during DTT

A 
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
Motivating Operation (MO)
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20
Q

What is a Discriminative Stimulus (SD)

A

A stimulus presented, can be an instruction or a cue to the learner which elicits a response.

A red light

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21
Q

What is a Motivating Operation (MO)

A

Environmental stimulus, conditions, or events that change the effectiveness of a reinforce.

2 Types - Establishing Operation (EO)
                 Abolishing Operation (AO)
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22
Q

Establishing Operation (EO)

A

Environmental stimulus, conditions, or events that increase the effectiveness of certain reinforcers.

23
Q

Abolishing Operation (AO)

A

Environmental stimulus, conditions, or events that decrease the effectiveness of certain reinforcers.

24
Q

How long to give between the SD and response

A

3 seconds to decide if incorrect, no answer, or correct

25
Q

What is consequence and the 2 Primary Types of Consequences

A

The outcome that occurs immediately following the learners response.

Reinforcement - correct response
Error Correction - Incorrect or no response

26
Q

Positive and Negative Reinforcement

A

Positive - Occurs when the learner is given something when the behavior occurs

Negative - occurs when the learner has something that is taken away when the behavior occurs

27
Q

Primary and Secondary Reinforcement

A

Primary - Unlearned reinforcement (food or water)

Secondary - Learned reinforcement (Toys or social praise)

28
Q

Preference Assessments

A

A procedure to identify what an individual is interested in at a particular moment. Should do often through session, change over time by environmental influences.

Present 3 items for learner to choose from, change them if none selected.

29
Q

Free Operant Observation

A

During play see what they gravitate towards.

30
Q

Guidelines for reinforcement

A

Deliver immediately following the response within 1/2 a second.

Items easy to give and remove. Change items to avoid boredom.

Pair primary to secondary to promote fading.

31
Q

Difference between expressive language and receptive

A

Expressive is the ability to express ones thoughts or wants with words or expression. Receptive is the ability to understand words and languages

32
Q

Difference between verbal behavior and vocal behavior

A

Verbal is any behavior that is reinforcement by another person. Vocal can be like talking to yourself

33
Q

Basic Verbal Operants

A

Echoic - Learner echo’s what you say
Mand - A request or demand
Tact - A comment about their environment
Intraverbal - A conversation

34
Q

What is a prompt

A

A hint to assist the learner in providing a correct response to the SD.

Direct Prompts: Telling client how to respond exactly to an SD
Indirect Prompts: Guides to correct response to an SD through questions/statements.

35
Q

Types of Direct Prompts

A

Full Physical, Partial physical, Model, Echoic, Directive, Gestural, Proximity, Stimulus Manipulation, Visual/Textual.

36
Q

Two Primary Prompting Techniques

A

Errorless - for teaching skills/ Mass trial

Error Correction - For known or mastered skills / Random Rotation

37
Q

What is No-No-Prompt-Repeat

A

An error correction procedure where we allow 2 incorrect answers or no answers, prompt the third time and repeat a 4th time no prompt.

38
Q

What is inadvertent prompting and why to avoid

A

Prompting without know you are, avoid because it will create fake data and prompt dependency.

39
Q

Key terms for Discrimination Training

A

Acquisition Target, Mass Trial, Random Rotation, Distractor Trial, Distractor Item, Mastery

40
Q

What is considered Mastery Criteria

A

Criteria which determines when a client has mastered a target.
2 times at 80% or better in Random Rotation with a first trial correct without prompt, with 2 different techs.

41
Q

Successive Discrimination Training

A

Presenting SD in environment, no field of stimuli.

3 steps and 2 steps in training.

  • MT Target 1 alone
  • MT Target 2 alone
  • RR Target 1 vs Target 2
  • MT Target 3 alone
  • RR Target 3 vs Target 1 vs Target 2
42
Q

Simultaneous Discrimination Trainining

A

A field of stimuli is presented with the instruction. 7 steps and 4 steps

  • MT Target 1 alone
  • MT Target 1 vs unknown
  • MT Target 2 vs alone
  • MT Target 2 vs unknown
  • MT Target 1 vs Target 2
  • MT Target 2 vs Target 1
  • RR Target 1 vs Target 2
  • MT Target 3 vs alone
  • MT Target 3 vs unknown
  • MT Target 3 vs known (T1 or T2)
  • RR Target 3 vs Target 1 vs Target 2
43
Q

NET Terminology

A

Combining - Presenting 2 or more SDs during activity

Capturing - Utilizing existing SDs/opportunities present in natural environment

Contriving - Tech manipulates environment to create learning opportunities.

44
Q

Types of NET Prompts

A 
Rephrasing the Question
Leading Questions
Acting Confused
Choices
Hypothetical Scenario
Experiential
Indirect Visual/Texual
45
Q

Explain Shaping and how to do it

A

Systematically reinforcing successive approximations of a target behavior. (Target: Bubbles)
“Say Buh” now say “Bub” until target reached

46
Q

Types of Behavior Chains

A

Backward Chaining - Learner focuses on completing the last step in sequence.

Forward Chaining - Learner focuses on first to last step

Total Task Presentation - Teach learner all the steps of the behavior chain.

47
Q

What is Topography and Function

A

Topography is the physical form of the behavior.

Function is the reason the behavior is occurring

48
Q

What are the 4 common functions of Behavior (SEAT)

A

Sensory - Behavior produces own reinforcement
Escape - Escaping non-preferred tasks, activities or demands
Attention - Getting attention from another individual
Tangible - Getting a preferred item or activity

49
Q

What is Behavior Intervention Plan ( BIP )

A

A detailed written description of a problem behavior and the interventions designed to reduce the behavior.

Decrease problem behavior, Increase wanted behaviors

50
Q

Give an example of Non-Contingent Reinforcement (NCR)

A

Giving a client attention every 10 seconds fore free so they do not seek attention every 15 seconds by doing inappropriate behaviors.

51
Q

Give example of Functional Communication Training (FCT)

A

Teaching a client how to communicate to avoid problem behaviors.

Child throw tantrum for toy but doesn’t know how to ask for it.

52
Q

What is Behavior Momentum

A

Client goes through easier or preferred tasks prior to a more difficult task. (High probability requests)

53
Q

Name the types of extinctions

A

Escape Extinction - Prevent the client to escape or delay a task as a result of the behavior.

Tangible Extinction - Withholding access to a desired item or activity.

Automatic Extinction - Taking out a stimuli that the client abuses.

Response Blocking - Physically blocking or interrupting the behavior when it happens

Attention Extinction - Withholding attention (good or bad) that had been previously given as a result of the behavior.

54
Q

Differences between DRA, DRI, and DRO

A

Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior - Reinforcement of an alternative behavior while withholding reinforcement for the inappropriate behavior.

Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior - Reinforcing behavior that can’t occur at the same time as the inappropriate behavior.

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors - Client gets reinforcement for not engaging in the unwanted behavior for a period of time. (resetting DRO, Non-restting DRO)

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