BSS- Changing Health beliefs and behaviours Flashcards
What are the implications of the following models:
Health Belief Model (HBM)
Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)
Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)
- Suggest that thoughts (e.g. beliefs/attitudes) directly influence our behaviour
> If you can identify a person’s thoughts, you can understand their behaviour – the first stage of behaviour change is identifying thoughts
» Thought patterns can be changed. Therefore, so can behaviour – information alone is not enough, behaviour is best targeted through beliefs/attitudes
Fill in the Gaps of the Health belief model.
1- Use the health belief model to explain why an individual would:
- Increase their amount of exercise
- Doesn’t increase their amount of exercise
2- How could you apply the HBM to behaviour change?
2:
- Emphasise > Susceptibility to and severity of potential health problems + plus benefits of changing behaviour
- De-emphasise/suggest ways to overcome > Barriers to changing behaviour
- Cues to action?
Fill in the Gaps of
- Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) > light blue
- Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) > whole
1- Use the Theory of reasoned action + Theory of planned behaviour to explain why an individual would:
- Give up smoking
- Would not give up smoking
2- How could you apply TRA/TPB to behaviour change?
- Emphasise > Beneficial outcomes of changing behaviour, the ability that the individual has to change their behaviour, others’ positive views about the target behaviour
- De-emphasise/suggest ways to overcome
> External barriers to changing behaviour - Get the individual to plan when/where/how they will change their behaviour
1- What does the stages of change model suggest?
2- What are the 5 steps?
1- People move through a series of stages in relation to changing behaviour:
2-
How could you apply the Stages of Change Model to behaviour change?
- Best type of intervention depends on the person’s stage of change
Pre-contemplation – health promotion/education
Contemplation – discuss reasons to change
Preparation – discuss how to achieve change
Action – discuss strategies for coping with temptation and maintaining change
Maintenance – be prepared for the possibility of relapse
Social forces influence an individual’s ability to change their behaviour
Unhealthy behaviour is often maintained by…
- Social and environmental forces beyond (or perceived to be beyond) the control of the individual and practitioner,
> e.g. disadvantage, stress and family problems
What can doctors do at medical consultations to aid health behaviour change?
- Brief interventions
- Medical approaches (pharmacological)
- Referral to other services
- Respond to “teachable moments” (when a patient raises a concern)
- Help patients to set feasible goals and have realistic expectations
What are the 2 interventions to promote smoking cessation?
-
Public heath interventions(population/large groups)
> Health promotion campaigns
> Worksite interventions
> Community-based programmes
> Internet resources
> Government interventions: legal/cost issues -
Clinical interventions (individual/small groups)
> Doctor’s advice/brief interventions
> Medical approaches to cessation
> Social learning perspectives on cessation
What is Tannahill’s model of health promotion?
What part os Tannahils model of health promotion do health promotion campaigns fit into?
Nicotine is seen as addictive and the individual who is addicted is seen as having acquired tolerance to and dependency on the substance
Cessation programmes offer ways to reduce dependency and minimise withdrawal effects
- Name some examples.
- NRT, e.g. nicotine chewing gum and patches
- Zyban (bupropion)
- Champix (varenicline) – not currently available
What is social learning perspective on cessation
- Emphasises learning an addictive behaviour through processes such as operant (rewards and punishments) and classical conditioning (associations with internal/external cues), and observational learning
- Cessation procedures include:
Aversion therapies (e.g. Antabuse for alcohol reduction)
Cue exposure procedures
Self-management procedures
Multi-perspective cessation clinics
What can you do as doctors to help? 5As
Ask » about smoking at every opportunity.. are they smoker
Advise » all smokers to stop + risk of continuing
- Personalised to patient taking into life history
Assess » current smoking activity, interest in stopping
Assist » the smoker to stop,
- setting dates, asking for family/friend support, anticipate challenges and solutions for these, how can they avoid cues for smoking
Arrange » follow up for meetings and support
