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BSCI330 > BSCI330 Final Exam > Flashcards

BSCI330 Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

4 components of extracellular matrix

A

Collagens
Proteoglycans
Fibronectins
Laminins

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2
Q

Order of inhibiting CDK

A

ATM, Chk2, p53, p21, inhibit CDK

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3
Q

How to break down nuclear envelope

A

Phosphorylate nuclear proteins which can help compact chromosomes

Phosphorylation of nuclear lamina leads to envelope disassembly

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4
Q

MPF Proteins

A

Cyclins

Cyclin dependent kinases

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5
Q

How to fibroblasts crawl

A

Actin is made at the lamellipodium and degraded at the back end

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6
Q

Drugs for microtubules

A

Nocodazole breaks down microtubules

Taxol keeps them from breaking down

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7
Q

Drugs for microfilaments

A

Cytochalasin breaks down microfilaments

Phalloidin keeps them from breaking down

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8
Q

What is the name of the calcium receptor in the smooth ER

A

Ryanodine receptor

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9
Q

Components of insulin signaling pathway

A

RTK receptor that dimerizes and phosphorylates IRS and ultimately PLG gamma

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10
Q

What does a Ras mutation do

A

Keeps GTP bound to Ras which keeps cell growing and dividing

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11
Q

What are the motor proteins for microtubules and which way to they go

A

Kinesin - to +

Dynein + to -

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12
Q

What make up microtubules and microfilaments? Which uses ATP and which uses GTP?

A

Alpha and beta tubulin make microtubules - uses GTP

G-actin makes up microfilaments - uses ATP

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13
Q

What are the 2 common MTOC’s?

A

Centrosomes and basal bodies

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14
Q

What makes ECM gel-like?

A

Proteoglycans

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15
Q

What are three generally properties of all catalysts?

A

Not altered by reaction
Only need small amounts
Catalyze forward and reverse reactions equally

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16
Q

Name 2 ways proteins can be immobilized in a membrane

A

Tethered by other proteins outside the cell

Tethered to cytoskeleton

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17
Q

Name 2 functions of glycolipids in plasma membrane

A

Protection of membrane
Function as signaling molecule
Function as substrate for enzyme in cell

18
Q

Transport protein in apical membrane of gut epithelial cell that is not in basal membrane

A

Na-glucose transporter

19
Q

What is the difference between a P type pump and a V type pump

A

A P type pump has a high energy phosphorylated intermediate using a P from ATP

A V type pump drives H+ ions against their concentration gradient and does not use a Pi

20
Q

Example of medical application of ABC transporter

A

ABC transporters pump lipophilic substances out of cells and anti-cancer drugs get delivered in lipophilic vesicles are are pumped out because overactive transporters

21
Q

Nernst equation

A

deltaV = (RT/zF) ln[out]/[in]

22
Q

Equation for delta G

A

Delta G = RTlnKeq + delta G zero

23
Q

Why do we do fermentation if lactate and ethanol are toxic?

A

To regenerate NAD+

24
Q

What is the rule for how small you can resolve with light microscopy

A

wavelength of light over 2

25
Q

What does confocal microscopy measure?

A

Fluorescence

26
Q

What 2 tags would you want for FRET?

A

Absorb blue emit green

Absorb green emit red

27
Q

In nuclear transport what is the concentration gradient

A

High GTP inside

High GDP outside

28
Q

What is the name of the pore in translation into the ER

A

Translocon

29
Q

What happens to misfiled proteins in the ER

A

Calnexin recognizes, ubiquitin binds to it and then exported and degraded by proteasome

30
Q

What do Rab and Sar do?

A

Rab - docking and tethering of vesicle to destination

Sar - helps initiate vesicle coat assembly and stability

31
Q

What coat targets ER to Golgi

A

COPII

32
Q

Signal displayed by proteases in golgi to sort them into vesicles bound for lysosomes?

A

M-6-P

33
Q

How does a steroid hormone enter a cell and regulate gene transcription

A

Enter cell and nucleus and bind to steroid hormone receptor which kicks of an inhibitory protein and activate another protein on the receptor which will bind to DNA and start transcription

34
Q

Phosphoinositide cascade

A

Gq, PLC beta, split PIP2 into DAG and IP3
DAG in membrane and activated PKC
IP3 to smooth ER

35
Q

Liver epinephrine cascade

A

beta-adrenergic receptor, G-protein, adenylate cyclase, cAMP, PKA
phosphorylase kinase
glycogen synthase
CREB

36
Q

How does an action potential travel down a skeletal muscle cell cause a release of calcium ions?

A

Action potential travels down t-tublue and calcium gated ion channels open and then ryanodine receptors often and calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

37
Q

How does cytoplasmic streaming work?

A

Actin filaments and myosin motor proteins are involved. Myosin is attached to the cytoplasm across the inner surface of the membrane. There is one head so it can hop.

38
Q

Why might the total concentration of an M-cyclin in a cell be high but mitosis might not be triggered?

A

Cyclin has to be properly phosphorylated to be activated

39
Q

How can adhesion of a cell to a substrate result in the transcription of new genes?

A

The conformational change in the integrin upon binding the protein ligand is passed on via the cytoskeleton to a chain of protein kinases which ends up phosphorylating transcription factors allowing expression of genes

40
Q

What makes something a steady state?

A

If it consumes energy

41
Q

How do you get a protein out of a membrane?

A

Detergents

42
Q

Why aren’t intermediate filaments polarized?

A

They first assemble into polarized dimers but the dimers assemble head to tail

BSCI330 (5 decks)

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