BSC100 Exam Flashcards
What does note taking involve?
- Active thinking
- Recognising the main ideas
- Capturing ideas and facts
- Deciding what information is relevant
- Recording source details
What are the 5 note-taking styles?
- Cornell - information in ‘blocks’, ruled margin page with sections e.g. ‘main ideas’ ‘summary’
- Outlining - uses numbers or bullet points to represent different topics & subjects
- Charting (Tabular) - uses a grid format which helps identify and compare information
- Mapping - a visual approach; mindmaps, brainstorms, flow charts
- Sentence (Numbered) - facts and information on separate lines, lacks clarification of major and minor topics
What does the PEL model of science stand for?
Presuppositions
Evidence
Logic
What does P stand for in the PEL model
Presuppositions
- The world is orderly and comprehensible
- Ideas can be checked against a ‘real world’
- Maybe called sciences’ faith
What does E stand for in the PEL model
Evidence
- Hypothesis: prediction often stated by ‘if-then’ tested by observation or experiment
- Observations: a way of collecting evidence in science, because two things go together it doesn’t mean one causes the other, limitations of our senses and instruments must be considered
- Experiments: are tests to falsify hypotheses or predictions, must include treatments and controls and be replicated
What does L stand for in the PEL model
Logic
- Inductive Logic: argues from a specific to a generality, can be strong or weak
- Deductive Logic: arguing from the general to the specific, are either right or wrong cannot be strong or weak
What is Critical Thinking?
Critical thinking means making reasoned judgments that are logical and well-thought out, a way of thinking in which you don’t simply accept all arguments and conclusions you are exposed to but questioning such arguments and conclusions
What is Critical Reading?
A form language analysis that does not take the given text at face value but involves a deeper examination of the claims put forth
Critical reading involves determing?
- What is the central claim or purpose (thesis) of the text?
- Who it is written for and in what context?
- What kind of evidence is employed?
- What kind of reasoning is used?
- How can you evaluate the claim?
What are the forms of academic plagiarism?
- Plagiarism
- Collusion
- Purloining
- Ghost Writing
- Recycling / Self Plagiarism
- Fabrication
What is Collusion?
Working with another student on an assignment
What is Purloining?
Stealing or using someone else’s assignment without their knowledge
What is Ghost Writing?
Having someone else write work for you or do your assignments
What is Recycling?
Re-using your own work in another assignment
What is Fabrication?
Making up sources of information or faking there results of a lab experiment
What is Plagiarism?
Using information from other sources without proper acknowledgement
Why is referencing important?
- Avoids plagiarism by acknowledging the work of others
- Enables researchers to trace your sources
- Demonstrate the depth of your research
- Academic reputation linked to citations
- ERA ranking for science fields based on citations counts
What is Categorical data?
- Relates specifically to categories which can be decided into groups; race, age, sex
- Presented on bar graph, pie chart
What is Numerical data?
- Data that has meaning as a measurement (is measurable) e.g. height, weight, IQ, blood pressure
- Presented on a line graph, histogram
What are Databases?
- A major resource for finding journal articles, may be multidisciplinary or subject specific
- Collection and repository of electronic sources
- A searching tool using records and indexes
- A publishing platform (e.g. provides a mix of citation-only and full-text records)
What do you need to consider when evaluating a source?
> Relevance - is the article relevant?
Authority - is the author of a reputable institution?
Currency - is the source current?
Reliability - is the source peer reviewed?
Accuracy - does the data support the conclusions drawn?
Objectivity - what is the purpose, who is the intended audience? can you detect any bias in the content?
What is the peer review process?
- A process where scientists “peers” evaluate the quality of other scientists’ work
- Journals which go through a process of review by one or more experts in the field of study before they are published
- Checks quality and correctness
What are scholarly sources?
- Written by academics or researchers who are experts in their area of research
- These researchers have authority in their field and produce high credible work
- Books which are written by academic experts for an academic audience are likely to be scholarly
What are non-scholarly sources?
Non-Scholarly resources include those not written an academic audience, like newspaper articles, governments reports, magazines and most websites
What is the primary source?
- Primary literature is peer reviewed publications that report the results of original scientific research
- The first publications to cite new data or results
What is a secondary source?
A secondary source describes, analyses and interprets primary sources
What are mathematical models?
- Method for stimulating real-life situations with mathematical equations to forecast their future behaviour, usually an equation
What are models used for?
- Predicting the future: stimulation e.g. plane flying in a simulator
- Planning the future: testing scenarios e.g. Polls in politics
- Uncovering the past e.g. Forensics (time of death, cause of death)
- Revealing what is hidden e.g. glass furnace heat distribution
- Understanding e.g. ground water usage
What are some examples of models?
- Growth of tumours
- Wound and bone fracture healing
- Epidemiology (spread of disease through a population)
- Weather prediction (bureau of meteorology)
- Groundwater flow- salt intrusion, pollutant spread
- Earthquakes, volcanic activity, tsunami
- Modelling fisheries - overfishing, licence rules, quarantine, changing climate
- Tree and plant growth, water usage
What is global collaboration?
- The conduct of science and engineering is evolving, new techniques and tool permit observations of greater detail, quality and range
- Huge databases, digital libraries and complex computational models are features of the complexity - has rapidly increased
- The expansion of the internet, communication tools, social network and easier travel are drivers of this change
What are research collaborative teams?
- A highly integrated and collaborative team is a group of that is led by one or more scientists and composed of researchers with diverse backgrounds and different areas of expertise
- Research teams can vary in many ways; knowledge, seniority, size, time, complexity (between organisations) , nationality (within or between countries), geography (across continents)
What are the thinking hats?
- The six hats style in group work is a method to construct and align ideas and knowledge
- All group members put on a hat when approaching a given issue so that it is analysed from all points of view
- Blocks confrontation and aims to develop a deeper view and understanding of a situation
What are the six hats?
White hat - calls for information known or needed, the facts
Yellow hat - explores the positives and prob for value and benefit
Black hat - judgement, why something may not work, spots difficulties and dangers
Red hat - signifies feelings, hunches and intuition, express emotions and feelings
Green hat - creativity; the possibilities, alternatives and new ideas
Blue hat- manage the thinking process, control mechanism ensures the 6 thinking hats guidelines are observed
What is a workplace hazard?
A workplace hazard is anything that has the potential to cause harm to a person
What are risks?
- Risks may involve life and death, health, state of the environment or financial cost —> the outcome of an action/decision has a consequence but the likelihood or probability that it will occur is uncertain
- Risk = Likelihood x Consequence
- Include; industrial risks, environmental risks, health risks
What is intellectual property?
Intellectual property is the property of someone’s mind or proprietary knowledge and can be an invention, trade mark, a design or the practical application of the idea
What are the types of registered intellectual property?
- Not all are not granted automatically
Copyright - the original expression of an idea
Patent - a novel idea or invention
Trade secret - confidential practice or process that gives the business a competitive advantage
Trademark - expression, symbol or design that identifies a business
What is a standard patent?
- A patent is a right that is granted for any device, substance, method or process that is new, inventive or useful
- A patent is legally enforceable and gives the owner exclusive rights to commercially exploit the invention for life of the patent
- Lasts up for 20 years (25 years for pharmaceuticals)
How is intellectual property monitored?
- Intellectual property infringement occurs when someone uses intellectual property commercially without permission
- “Using” means selling main components of the product, together with instructions on how to make or assemble it using commonly available components
What are the three basic steps to ensure workplace safety?
- Identify hazards
- Assess risks - look at the possibility of injury or harm
- Control risks - introduce measures to eliminate or reduce risks
What are safety data sheets?
- Standard reference documents for chemical information
- Basic physical and chemical properties for the product
- Contain the correct safety procedures when storing, handling, transporting and disposing of the product
- Health hazards and impacts on the environment
- What to do in accidents and emergencies
What are the three V’s related to the management of big data problems?
- Volume (how much you want)
- Velocity (how quick you want it)
- Variety of formats (different variety of formats you want to work with)
