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BSC100 > BSC100 Exam > Flashcards

BSC100 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What does note taking involve?

A
  • Active thinking
  • Recognising the main ideas
  • Capturing ideas and facts
  • Deciding what information is relevant
  • Recording source details
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2
Q

What are the 5 note-taking styles?

A
  1. Cornell - information in ‘blocks’, ruled margin page with sections e.g. ‘main ideas’ ‘summary’
  2. Outlining - uses numbers or bullet points to represent different topics & subjects
  3. Charting (Tabular) - uses a grid format which helps identify and compare information
  4. Mapping - a visual approach; mindmaps, brainstorms, flow charts
  5. Sentence (Numbered) - facts and information on separate lines, lacks clarification of major and minor topics
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3
Q

What does the PEL model of science stand for?

A

Presuppositions
Evidence
Logic

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4
Q

What does P stand for in the PEL model

A

Presuppositions

  • The world is orderly and comprehensible
  • Ideas can be checked against a ‘real world’
  • Maybe called sciences’ faith
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5
Q

What does E stand for in the PEL model

A

Evidence

  • Hypothesis: prediction often stated by ‘if-then’ tested by observation or experiment
  • Observations: a way of collecting evidence in science, because two things go together it doesn’t mean one causes the other, limitations of our senses and instruments must be considered
  • Experiments: are tests to falsify hypotheses or predictions, must include treatments and controls and be replicated
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6
Q

What does L stand for in the PEL model

A

Logic

  • Inductive Logic: argues from a specific to a generality, can be strong or weak
  • Deductive Logic: arguing from the general to the specific, are either right or wrong cannot be strong or weak
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7
Q

What is Critical Thinking?

A

Critical thinking means making reasoned judgments that are logical and well-thought out, a way of thinking in which you don’t simply accept all arguments and conclusions you are exposed to but questioning such arguments and conclusions

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8
Q

What is Critical Reading?

A

A form language analysis that does not take the given text at face value but involves a deeper examination of the claims put forth

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9
Q

Critical reading involves determing?

A
  • What is the central claim or purpose (thesis) of the text?
  • Who it is written for and in what context?
  • What kind of evidence is employed?
  • What kind of reasoning is used?
  • How can you evaluate the claim?
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10
Q

What are the forms of academic plagiarism?

A
  • Plagiarism
  • Collusion
  • Purloining
  • Ghost Writing
  • Recycling / Self Plagiarism
  • Fabrication
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11
Q

What is Collusion?

A

Working with another student on an assignment

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12
Q

What is Purloining?

A

Stealing or using someone else’s assignment without their knowledge

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13
Q

What is Ghost Writing?

A

Having someone else write work for you or do your assignments

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14
Q

What is Recycling?

A

Re-using your own work in another assignment

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15
Q

What is Fabrication?

A

Making up sources of information or faking there results of a lab experiment

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16
Q

What is Plagiarism?

A

Using information from other sources without proper acknowledgement

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17
Q

Why is referencing important?

A
  • Avoids plagiarism by acknowledging the work of others
  • Enables researchers to trace your sources
  • Demonstrate the depth of your research
  • Academic reputation linked to citations
  • ERA ranking for science fields based on citations counts
18
Q

What is Categorical data?

A
  • Relates specifically to categories which can be decided into groups; race, age, sex
  • Presented on bar graph, pie chart
19
Q

What is Numerical data?

A
  • Data that has meaning as a measurement (is measurable) e.g. height, weight, IQ, blood pressure
  • Presented on a line graph, histogram
20
Q

What are Databases?

A
  • A major resource for finding journal articles, may be multidisciplinary or subject specific
  • Collection and repository of electronic sources
  • A searching tool using records and indexes
  • A publishing platform (e.g. provides a mix of citation-only and full-text records)
21
Q

What do you need to consider when evaluating a source?

A

> Relevance - is the article relevant?
Authority - is the author of a reputable institution?
Currency - is the source current?
Reliability - is the source peer reviewed?
Accuracy - does the data support the conclusions drawn?
Objectivity - what is the purpose, who is the intended audience? can you detect any bias in the content?

22
Q

What is the peer review process?

A
  • A process where scientists “peers” evaluate the quality of other scientists’ work
  • Journals which go through a process of review by one or more experts in the field of study before they are published
  • Checks quality and correctness
23
Q

What are scholarly sources?

A
  • Written by academics or researchers who are experts in their area of research
  • These researchers have authority in their field and produce high credible work
  • Books which are written by academic experts for an academic audience are likely to be scholarly
24
Q

What are non-scholarly sources?

A

Non-Scholarly resources include those not written an academic audience, like newspaper articles, governments reports, magazines and most websites

25
Q

What is the primary source?

A
  • Primary literature is peer reviewed publications that report the results of original scientific research
  • The first publications to cite new data or results
26
Q

What is a secondary source?

A

A secondary source describes, analyses and interprets primary sources

27
Q

What are mathematical models?

A
  • Method for stimulating real-life situations with mathematical equations to forecast their future behaviour, usually an equation
28
Q

What are models used for?

A
  • Predicting the future: stimulation e.g. plane flying in a simulator
  • Planning the future: testing scenarios e.g. Polls in politics
  • Uncovering the past e.g. Forensics (time of death, cause of death)
  • Revealing what is hidden e.g. glass furnace heat distribution
  • Understanding e.g. ground water usage
29
Q

What are some examples of models?

A
  • Growth of tumours
  • Wound and bone fracture healing
  • Epidemiology (spread of disease through a population)
  • Weather prediction (bureau of meteorology)
  • Groundwater flow- salt intrusion, pollutant spread
  • Earthquakes, volcanic activity, tsunami
  • Modelling fisheries - overfishing, licence rules, quarantine, changing climate
  • Tree and plant growth, water usage
30
Q

What is global collaboration?

A
  • The conduct of science and engineering is evolving, new techniques and tool permit observations of greater detail, quality and range
  • Huge databases, digital libraries and complex computational models are features of the complexity - has rapidly increased
  • The expansion of the internet, communication tools, social network and easier travel are drivers of this change
31
Q

What are research collaborative teams?

A
  • A highly integrated and collaborative team is a group of that is led by one or more scientists and composed of researchers with diverse backgrounds and different areas of expertise
  • Research teams can vary in many ways; knowledge, seniority, size, time, complexity (between organisations) , nationality (within or between countries), geography (across continents)
32
Q

What are the thinking hats?

A
  • The six hats style in group work is a method to construct and align ideas and knowledge
  • All group members put on a hat when approaching a given issue so that it is analysed from all points of view
  • Blocks confrontation and aims to develop a deeper view and understanding of a situation
33
Q

What are the six hats?

A

White hat - calls for information known or needed, the facts
Yellow hat - explores the positives and prob for value and benefit
Black hat - judgement, why something may not work, spots difficulties and dangers
Red hat - signifies feelings, hunches and intuition, express emotions and feelings
Green hat - creativity; the possibilities, alternatives and new ideas
Blue hat- manage the thinking process, control mechanism ensures the 6 thinking hats guidelines are observed

34
Q

What is a workplace hazard?

A

A workplace hazard is anything that has the potential to cause harm to a person

35
Q

What are risks?

A
  • Risks may involve life and death, health, state of the environment or financial cost —> the outcome of an action/decision has a consequence but the likelihood or probability that it will occur is uncertain
  • Risk = Likelihood x Consequence
  • Include; industrial risks, environmental risks, health risks
36
Q

What is intellectual property?

A

Intellectual property is the property of someone’s mind or proprietary knowledge and can be an invention, trade mark, a design or the practical application of the idea

37
Q

What are the types of registered intellectual property?

A
  • Not all are not granted automatically
    Copyright - the original expression of an idea
    Patent - a novel idea or invention
    Trade secret - confidential practice or process that gives the business a competitive advantage
    Trademark - expression, symbol or design that identifies a business
38
Q

What is a standard patent?

A
  • A patent is a right that is granted for any device, substance, method or process that is new, inventive or useful
  • A patent is legally enforceable and gives the owner exclusive rights to commercially exploit the invention for life of the patent
  • Lasts up for 20 years (25 years for pharmaceuticals)
39
Q

How is intellectual property monitored?

A
  • Intellectual property infringement occurs when someone uses intellectual property commercially without permission
  • “Using” means selling main components of the product, together with instructions on how to make or assemble it using commonly available components
40
Q

What are the three basic steps to ensure workplace safety?

A
  1. Identify hazards
  2. Assess risks - look at the possibility of injury or harm
  3. Control risks - introduce measures to eliminate or reduce risks
41
Q

What are safety data sheets?

A
  • Standard reference documents for chemical information
  • Basic physical and chemical properties for the product
  • Contain the correct safety procedures when storing, handling, transporting and disposing of the product
  • Health hazards and impacts on the environment
  • What to do in accidents and emergencies
42
Q

What are the three V’s related to the management of big data problems?

A
  1. Volume (how much you want)
  2. Velocity (how quick you want it)
  3. Variety of formats (different variety of formats you want to work with)

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