BS

Question 1

Sensitivity used for ?

Answer 1

Screening in diseases w/ low prevalence.

Question 2

100% sensitivity vs. specificity?

Answer 2

sens = all negs must be TNs/ 
spec = all pos must be TPs.

Question 3

pretest prob effects on PPV vs. NPV ?

Answer 3

high pretest probability –> high PPV (also inc TP, really inc FP, dec FN, dec PPV) /
high pretest probability –> low NPV

Question 4

graph changes ?

Answer 4

move to left –> inc sensitivity
move to right –> inc specificity //
less overlap increases both sens and spec

Question 5

If prevalence is low, RR and OR?

Answer 5

RR is similar to OR

Question 6

absolute risk reduction (ARR) assoc w/ ?

Answer 6

a tx as compared to a control –> number needed to treat

Question 7

in positive skew, what is least affected by outliers?

Answer 7

mode

Question 8

confidence interval CI for 95%, 99%?

Answer 8

CI,Z = 1.96

CI, Z = 2.58

Question 9

medical power of attorney, pt can ?

Answer 9

revoke anytime pt wishes (regardless of competence)

Question 10

Tarasoff decision?

Answer 10

Cali Supreme Court decision requiring physician to directly inform and protect potential victim from harm; may involve breach of confidentiality

Question 11

if patient is suicidal ?

Answer 11

patient can be hospitalized involuntarily if he/she refuses

Question 12

7-9 months milestones ?

Answer 12

stranger anxiety

sits alone, crawls, transfers toys from hand to hand

Question 13

12-15 months milestones ?

Answer 13

walks, babinski sign disappears;

separation anxiety

Question 14

12-24 months milestones ?

Answer 14

climbs stairs, 3 blocks at 1, 6 blocks at 2; rapprochement

Question 15

24-36 months milestones ?

Answer 15

parallel play; toilet training

Question 16

how long does prolonged grief last for?

Answer 16

> 2-6 months

Question 17

BMI is overweight when?

Answer 17

25-29.9
obesity > 30
severe obesity > 35
morbid obesity > 40
super obesity > 45

Question 18

stage N2, % of total sleep time in young adults? findings?

stage N3 ?

Answer 18

45%, sleep spindle and K complexes, bruxism! //

N3 slow wave sleep, delta, sleepwalking and night terrors and bedwetting !

Question 19

sleep terror disorder when ?

Answer 19

non REM sleep aka N3 slow wave ; no memory of arousal!

Question 20

alcohol, BZs, and barbiturates effect on sleep ?

Answer 20

DECREASED REM and delta sleep (similar to aging)

Question 21

BZs useful for?

Answer 21

night terrors and sleepwalking (slow wave sleep aka stage N3 aka delta)

Question 22

REM sleep principal NT and reduced by ?

Answer 22

ACh

NE reduces REM sleep

Question 23

sleep patterns of depressed pts ?

Answer 23

INCREASED total REM sleep ONLY, DECREASED slow wave sleep and REM latency,
early-morning awakening (important screening q)

Question 24

nighttime sodium oxybate (GHB) used for ?

Answer 24

narcolepsy

Question 25

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) leads to?

Answer 25

SCN –> NE release –> pineal gland –> melatonin

Question 26

key to initiating sleep?

Answer 26

serotonin of raphe nucleus

Question 27

systematic errors in ?

Answer 27

bias, accuracy errors

Question 28

changes in the elderly’s sleep pattern?

Answer 28

DECREASED REM and slow-wave sleep; inc latency and awakenings