BS Flashcards
Sensitivity used for ?
Screening in diseases w/ low prevalence.
100% sensitivity vs. specificity?
sens = all negs must be TNs/ spec = all pos must be TPs.
pretest prob effects on PPV vs. NPV ?
high pretest probability –> high PPV (also inc TP, really inc FP, dec FN, dec PPV) /
high pretest probability –> low NPV
graph changes ?
move to left –> inc sensitivity
move to right –> inc specificity //
less overlap increases both sens and spec
If prevalence is low, RR and OR?
RR is similar to OR
absolute risk reduction (ARR) assoc w/ ?
a tx as compared to a control –> number needed to treat
in positive skew, what is least affected by outliers?
mode
confidence interval CI for 95%, 99%?
CI,Z = 1.96
CI, Z = 2.58
medical power of attorney, pt can ?
revoke anytime pt wishes (regardless of competence)
Tarasoff decision?
Cali Supreme Court decision requiring physician to directly inform and protect potential victim from harm; may involve breach of confidentiality
if patient is suicidal ?
patient can be hospitalized involuntarily if he/she refuses
7-9 months milestones ?
stranger anxiety
sits alone, crawls, transfers toys from hand to hand
12-15 months milestones ?
walks, babinski sign disappears;
separation anxiety
12-24 months milestones ?
climbs stairs, 3 blocks at 1, 6 blocks at 2; rapprochement
24-36 months milestones ?
parallel play; toilet training
how long does prolonged grief last for?
> 2-6 months
BMI is overweight when?
25-29.9 obesity > 30 severe obesity > 35 morbid obesity > 40 super obesity > 45
stage N2, % of total sleep time in young adults? findings?
stage N3 ?
45%, sleep spindle and K complexes, bruxism! //
N3 slow wave sleep, delta, sleepwalking and night terrors and bedwetting !
sleep terror disorder when ?
non REM sleep aka N3 slow wave ; no memory of arousal!
alcohol, BZs, and barbiturates effect on sleep ?
DECREASED REM and delta sleep (similar to aging)
BZs useful for?
night terrors and sleepwalking (slow wave sleep aka stage N3 aka delta)
REM sleep principal NT and reduced by ?
ACh
NE reduces REM sleep
sleep patterns of depressed pts ?
INCREASED total REM sleep ONLY, DECREASED slow wave sleep and REM latency,
early-morning awakening (important screening q)
nighttime sodium oxybate (GHB) used for ?
narcolepsy
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) leads to?
SCN –> NE release –> pineal gland –> melatonin
key to initiating sleep?
serotonin of raphe nucleus
systematic errors in ?
bias, accuracy errors
changes in the elderly’s sleep pattern?
DECREASED REM and slow-wave sleep; inc latency and awakenings
