BS Flashcards
hemotopoiesis (aka hemopoiesis) definition
development of the formed elements of blood from bone marrow stem cells
locations of hemotopoiesis
yolk sac, fetal liver, bone marrow
differentiation of blood cells into mature cell types is stimulated by __
cytokines
production of erythrocytes stimulated by ___
erythropoietin produced by the kidneys via O2 delivery feedback system
RBCs are removed from circulation by spleen after ____days
120
platelets are___
fragments of multinucleate megakaryocytes
platelet production is stimulated by
Il-3, IL-6, IL-11, and thrombopoietin
platelets circulate in the blood for how long?
10 day 1/2 life but some become trapped in the spleen
neutrophil lifespan
6-7 hour 1/2 life in blood, 1-4 days in CT
function of neutrophils
bacterial scavengers. granules release enzymes to phagocytize bacteria.
eosinophil function
parasite fighters. use IgE surface antigens to attach & release toxins into parasites.
Basophils function
secrete heparin & vasoactive amines. increased vascular permeability.
lymphocyte function
B-lymphocytes: produce antibodies.
T-lymphocytes: cell-mediated
Natural Killer: virus & tumor killers
monocyte function
precursors to phagocytic cells (i.e. macrophages)
type A blood
only has the A antigen on the RBC (and B antibody in plasma)
Type B blood
only has B antigen on the RBC (and A antibody in plasma)
Type AB blood
has both A & B antigens on RBCs (neither A nor B antibody in plasma)
Type O blood
has neither A nor B antigens on RBC (but both A and B antibody in plasma)
Rh incompatibility occurs when?
when the mother is Rh- and the baby is Rh+. The mom for Abs against the baby’s RBCs, leading to hemolytic anemia in the baby.
symptoms of hemolytic anemia
jaundice, heart failure (leading to edema, called hydrops fetalis in babies), brain damage, and possible miscarriage.
myelodysplastic syndrome
a macrocytic anemia: abnormal nuclear maturation (during clonal proliferation) of myeloid lineage in the bone marrow producing a pre-leukemic state (non malignant)
cell type involved in malignant lymphomas
neoplastic proliferation of B or T cells
cell type involved in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML)
myeloid stem cells (hematopoietic precursors)
cell type involved in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
increased immature granulocytes in marrow & peripheral circulation
cell type involved in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
rapidly proliferating lymphoblasts (immature lymphocytes)
cell type involved in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
increased number of mature B cells
Auer rods
crystalline cytoplasmic inclusion bodies characteristic of but not necessarily seen in all myeloid leukemias
Philadelphia chromosome
a hallmark of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). can also be seen in some cases of ALL.
paraneoplastic syndrome
indirect effects that accompany benign or malignant tumors
