BS

Question 1

hemotopoiesis (aka hemopoiesis) definition

Answer 1

development of the formed elements of blood from bone marrow stem cells

Question 2

locations of hemotopoiesis

Answer 2

yolk sac, fetal liver, bone marrow

Question 3

differentiation of blood cells into mature cell types is stimulated by __

Answer 3

cytokines

Question 4

production of erythrocytes stimulated by ___

Answer 4

erythropoietin produced by the kidneys via O2 delivery feedback system

Question 5

RBCs are removed from circulation by spleen after ____days

Answer 5

120

Question 6

platelets are___

Answer 6

fragments of multinucleate megakaryocytes

Question 7

platelet production is stimulated by

Answer 7

Il-3, IL-6, IL-11, and thrombopoietin

Question 8

platelets circulate in the blood for how long?

Answer 8

10 day 1/2 life but some become trapped in the spleen

Question 9

neutrophil lifespan

Answer 9

6-7 hour 1/2 life in blood, 1-4 days in CT

Question 10

function of neutrophils

Answer 10

bacterial scavengers. granules release enzymes to phagocytize bacteria.

Question 11

eosinophil function

Answer 11

parasite fighters. use IgE surface antigens to attach & release toxins into parasites.

Question 12

Basophils function

Answer 12

secrete heparin & vasoactive amines. increased vascular permeability.

Question 13

lymphocyte function

Answer 13

B-lymphocytes: produce antibodies.
T-lymphocytes: cell-mediated
Natural Killer: virus & tumor killers

Question 14

monocyte function

Answer 14

precursors to phagocytic cells (i.e. macrophages)

Question 15

type A blood

Answer 15

only has the A antigen on the RBC (and B antibody in plasma)

Question 16

Type B blood

Answer 16

only has B antigen on the RBC (and A antibody in plasma)

Question 17

Type AB blood

Answer 17

has both A & B antigens on RBCs (neither A nor B antibody in plasma)

Question 18

Type O blood

Answer 18

has neither A nor B antigens on RBC (but both A and B antibody in plasma)

Question 19

Rh incompatibility occurs when?

Answer 19

when the mother is Rh- and the baby is Rh+. The mom for Abs against the baby’s RBCs, leading to hemolytic anemia in the baby.

Question 20

symptoms of hemolytic anemia

Answer 20

jaundice, heart failure (leading to edema, called hydrops fetalis in babies), brain damage, and possible miscarriage.

Question 21

myelodysplastic syndrome

Answer 21

a macrocytic anemia: abnormal nuclear maturation (during clonal proliferation) of myeloid lineage in the bone marrow producing a pre-leukemic state (non malignant)

Question 22

cell type involved in malignant lymphomas

Answer 22

neoplastic proliferation of B or T cells

Question 23

cell type involved in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML)

Answer 23

myeloid stem cells (hematopoietic precursors)

Question 24

cell type involved in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

Answer 24

increased immature granulocytes in marrow & peripheral circulation

Question 25

cell type involved in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

Answer 25

rapidly proliferating lymphoblasts (immature lymphocytes)

Question 26

cell type involved in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Answer 26

increased number of mature B cells

Question 27

Auer rods

Answer 27

crystalline cytoplasmic inclusion bodies characteristic of but not necessarily seen in all myeloid leukemias

Question 28

Philadelphia chromosome

Answer 28

a hallmark of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). can also be seen in some cases of ALL.

Question 29

paraneoplastic syndrome

Answer 29

indirect effects that accompany benign or malignant tumors