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physiotherapy 2 > BRUNNSTROM APPROACH > Flashcards

BRUNNSTROM APPROACH Flashcards

1
Q

the Brannstrom approach start by using the?

A

pathological reflexes

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2
Q

what are the 4 phases of this approach?

A

Placement of major synergies at the reflex level,

Providing voluntary control of synergies,

Disintegration of flexor and extensor synergies (breakage),

Obtaining the voluntary function

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3
Q

shortening synkinesis is used for flexion, and the term extensor synkinesis is used for extension
true or false?

A

true

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4
Q

how the flexion synergy of the upper extremity?

A

Scapula: Retraction and depression
Shoulder: Flexion, abduction and external rotation
Elbow: Flexion
Forearm: Supination
Wrist and fingers: Variable but mostly flexion

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5
Q

for the UE synergy flexion
The weakest element: elbow flexion
strongest element: shoulder abd and ext. rotation
true or false?

A

false, the opposite

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6
Q

how the extensor UE synergy is seen?

A

Scapula: Protraction
Shoulder: Extension, adduction and internal rotation
Elbow: Extension
Forearm: Pronation
Wrist and fingers: Variable but mostly flexion

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7
Q

for the UE extensor synergy
Strongest element: adduction (pectoralis major) and pronation
Weakest element: elbow extension
true or false

A

true

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8
Q

Hip: Flexion, abduction, external rotation
Knee: Approximately 90° flexion
Ankle: Dorsiflexion and inversion
Toes: Dorsiflexion (extension)

are for flexor or extensor LE synergy?

A

flexor

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9
Q

for the LE flexor synergy

The strongest element: _________
Weakest element: ______, _______

A

1- hip flexion
2- hip add-external rotation

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10
Q

Hip: Extension, adduction, internal rotation
Knee: Extension
Ankle: Plantar flexion, inversion
Toes: Plantar flexion
are for extensor LE synergy
true or false/

A

true

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11
Q

for the extensor synergy of the LE
Strongest element: Hip adduction, knee extension
Weakest element: Hip internal rotation.
true or false?

A

true

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12
Q

In the hemiplegic patient:
flexor synergy in the lower extremity,
extensor synergy in the upper extremity.
true or false?

A

false, opposite

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13
Q

what are the primitive reflexes appearing with the hemiplegic patient?

A

Tonic neck reflex,
Tonic Labyrinth reflexes

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14
Q

what is the associative reaction done as a difficult (resistance) movement in healthy extremity, leads to same movement at affected side

A

Imitation Synkinesis

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15
Q

a difficult movement at the healthy side leads to the opposite movement at the affected side is defined as?

A

Reciprocal Innervation

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16
Q

what is Homolateral Limb Synkinesis?

A

Resistance to upper extremity flexion facilitates or diffuses lower extremity flexor synergies.

The same spread occurs from the lower extremity to the upper extremity.

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17
Q

Resistance to lower extremity abduction on the unaffected side results in abduction on the affected side, and resistance to adduction on the affected side, again resulting in adduction

what is this reflex?

A

Raimiste’s Phenomenon

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18
Q

When resisting hip flexion, ankle dorsiflexion occurs.
this sign is?

A

Strimpel’s Sign

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19
Q

Bechterev Maneuver is the Sudden flexion of the big toe from the MF joint produces dorsiflexion of the ankle and slight flexion of the hip and knee.

true or false?

A

true

20
Q

what are the Three movements are tested during the 4th stage?

A

Placing the dorsum of the hand in the lumbar region
Lifting the arm forward horizontally (up to 90°) with the elbow extended
Pronation and supination with the elbow flexed to 90°

21
Q

1- Lifting the arm laterally and horizontally with the elbow extended and the forearm pronated
2- Raising the arm to 180° flexion with the elbow extended
3- Pronation and supination with elbow extended

are all tested with which stage?

A

5th

22
Q

in which stage the isolated joint movements can be made freely.
and the spasticity is nearly gone?

A

Sixth Stage

23
Q

what are the recovery stages of the wrist?

A

Wrist stabilization for grip (stage 3)

Wrist flexion and extension with the fist closed (stage 4)

Wrist circumduction (5th–6th stage)

Fingers

24
Q

The efficiency of grasping ability largely depends on the extension of the wrist.
true or false?

A

true

25
Q

for the wrist circumduction movement the forearm is kept in supination in 5th and 6th stage of wrist recover
true or false?

A

false, the forearm should be in pronation while testing

26
Q

It is the tendency of hemiplegic patients to fall on the affected side when they sit due to the disturbance of trunk balance in the acute period.
is?

A

Listing Phenomenon

27
Q

Speed Tests The best time for these tests is between stages 1 – 4.
true or false?

A

false, 4-6

28
Q

what are the movements used to test speed ?

A

The hand is brought from the lap to the chin with full elbow flexion.
The hand is taken from the lap to the opposite knee with full elbow extension

29
Q

for lower and trunk testing list what position should the patient will be if for:

1- limb synergies
2- Trunk balance and feeling of pressure on the soles of the feet,
3- lower extremity movements are evaluated.

A

1- In lying down
2- In sitting position
3- In standing

30
Q

Facilitation is immediately reduced or stopped when the patient is able to do ?

A

voluntary control

31
Q

Reflexes, combined reactions, proprioceptive and/or exteroceptive stimuli are used to facilitate muscle contraction in the?

A

flaccid period

32
Q

Postural reflexes are used to used to initiate and place limb synergies in the early stages.
true or false?

A

false, combined reactions

33
Q

In Flask LE, due to mechanical effects and gravity, there is a tendency to go ?

A

external rotation and abd with the hip and flexion in knee

34
Q

what is the used reflex in the 2nd stage of upper extremity education ?

A

ATNR

35
Q

head lateral flexion can be used if?

A

patient cannot actively initiate shoulder elevation

36
Q

If the patient cannot initiate extensor synergy, the ____________ should be activated first
fill in the blank

A

pectoralis major

37
Q

UE flexor synergy education,
The forearm is brought to pronation when lowering the arm, and supination when raising it
true or false?

A

true

38
Q

which movement can be used to facilitate the elbow extension?

A

Bilateral ‘rowing’ movement

39
Q

While sitting, a low stool is placed in front of the patient and a sandbag is placed on it.
is done by?

A

Stimulation of elbow extension by using body weight:

40
Q

Pectoralis major dominance should be increased for extension movements in front of and across the body, and it should be completely inhibited for more lateral extensor movements
true or false?

A

false, it should be reduced

41
Q

in Fourth Stage Education what movement should be done with the patients?

A

Placing the back of the hand on the lumbar region
Forward horizontal lift of the arm to 90 degrees
Pronation-supination with elbows flexed

42
Q

Horizontal raising of the arm to the side
Raising the arm above the head with the elbow extended
Forearm supination - pronation at elbow extension
are movements learned in which stage?

A

5th stage

43
Q

which muscle training is important for Raising the arm above the head with the elbow extended?

A

Serratus anterior

44
Q

for hand education what are the stages?

A

The first step: is to obtain a gross grip.
Second stage: wrist stabilization,
The third stage: is to provide finger extension for a release.

45
Q

for first stage for LE training:
_____________: Hip fl-add-ekst.rot, knee 90 flex., ankle DF and inversion

_____________: Hip ext-abd-int. rot, knee ext, AB and fingers are brought to PF

A

1- flexor synergy
2- extensor synergy

physiotherapy 2 (9 decks)

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