Bruner And Minturn’s Study (1955)

Question 1

Aim

Answer 1

To see that if a particular object was anticipated it was more likely to be noticed

Question 2

Method

Answer 2

• the ambiguous figure used could be read as a letter ‘B’ or as the number ‘13’
• the study used an independent group design (where participants were either shown the left to right sequence or the top to bottom sequence)
• the stimulus in the middle was the same and participants had to report and also draw what they saw

Question 3

Results

Answer 3

The group that was shown the sequence of letters were much more likely to report the ambiguous figure as a letter ‘B’ as well as draw a letter ‘B’, (the same for the number sequence)

Question 4

Conclusion

Answer 4

By changing the context in which visual information is presented m, it is possible to change the way in which the information is perceived

Question 5

Strength

Answer 5

• real - world application

Question 6

Weakness (2)

Answer 6

• artificial task
• independent groups design

Question 7

Artificial task

Answer 7

An ambiguous figure was used to test explanation, which is not something that often occurs naturally and so doesn’t show much on everyday perception

Question 8

Independent groups design

Answer 8

There may have been a problem of individual differences between groups meaning participant variables may have affected to conclusions of the study

Question 9

Real - world application

Answer 9

The study can explain errors that people make as the importance of context and expectation in perception helps with understanding errors of judgment