Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics > BRS1 > Flashcards

BRS1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are standard growth curves

A

represent growth for age of 95% of children. can plot weight, height, BMI and head circumfrance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is FTT

A

this is abnormal growth. concern when the child’s weight crosses two major percentile isobars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

expected weight gain birth - 3 months

A

30grams/day. regain birth weight by 2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

expected weight gain 3 months- 6 months

A

20 grams/day

double birth weight by 4-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

expected weight gain 6-12 months

A

10 grams/day

triple birth weight by 12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

expected weight gain 1-2 yrs

A

250 grams/month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

expected weight gain 2 yrs- adolescence

A

2.3 kg /year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

expected height increase 0-12 months

A

25 cm/year. birth length should increase by 50% by 12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

expected height increase 13-24 months

A

12.5 cm/year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

expected height increase 2 yrs to adolescence

A

6.25 cm/year.
birth length doubles by age 4
birth length triples by age 13 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most common cause of FTT

A

inorganic- problems with mom and baby bonding, inadequate intake etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when does majority of head growth occur

A

between first 2 years of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

expected head growth 0-2 months

A

.5 cm/week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

expected head growth 2-6 months

A

.25 cm/week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

expected head growth by 12 months

A

total increase is 12 cm since birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

head circumfrance at birth is ___ % of normal adult head size

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

head circumfrance at 1 yr is ___ % of normal adult head size

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

microcephaly definition

A

head circumfrance is 2-3 standard deviations below mean for age. always associated with a small brain. think cerebral palsy or seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

craniosyntosis

A

premature closure of one or more cranial sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

diseases assocaited with craniosyntosis

A

Crouzen and Apert syndromes, intrauterine crowding, metabolic abnormalities- hyperthyroidism, hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when is brain growth complete

A

by age 5. 90% done by age 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

dolichocephaly or scaphocephaly

A

premature closure of sagittal suture. head is longer and narrower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

brachycephaly

A

premature closure of the coronal suture. optic nerve damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

trigonocephaly

A

premature closure of metopic suture. angular shaped head.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

plagiocephaly

A

asymmetry of the infant head. not associated with premature suture closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

most common type of plagiocephaly

A

positional plagiocephaly. flattening of the occiput.

27
Q

disease asocited with positional plagiocephaly

A

congenital muscular torticollis.

28
Q

macrocephaly definition

A

head circumfrance > 95% for age. not a reflection of brain size.

29
Q

causes of macrocephaly

A

familial, overgrowth syndromes, metabolic (canavan syndrome, gangliosides), neurofibromatosis, achondroplasia, hydrocephalus, tumor.

30
Q

what are the three live vaccines

A

varicella, MMR, Sabin or oral polio vaccine

31
Q

HBV vaccine timing

A

three shots within first year of life. recombinant vaccine

32
Q

DTAP timing

A

remember this is safer bc it is acellular. inactivated vaccine.

DTAP given at 2,4,6 months with booster 12-18 months, and 4-6 years. then give dT vaccine at 11-12 yrs and then every 10 years after.

children over 7 yrs get dt and not dTAP

33
Q

polio vaccine timing

A

only can get inactivated shot in US. 2, 4 months, with boosters at 6-18 months, and 4-6 years

34
Q

H flu tybe b vaccine timing

A

conjugate vaccine. H flu polysaccharide linked to various protein antigens like diphtheria or tetanis toxoid to augment immunogenicity.

given at either 2, 4 and 6 months with booster at 12-15 month
or
2,4, and 12 months

depends on type of vaccine conjugate

35
Q

MMR vaccine timing

A

live attenuated vaccine.

12-15 months with a bosoter at 4-6 yrs or 11-12 yrs

36
Q

varicella vaccine timing

A

live attenuated vaccine. 12-18 months

37
Q

Hep A vaccine timing

A

inactivated vaccine. 2 yrs or older, with booster 6 months later for those suceptible or immunocompromised.

38
Q

pneumovax timing

A

polysaccharide capsular antigen. this is used mostly for older children- doesn’t work in young kids. also can be given to those high risk for pneumonia like sickle cell disease

39
Q

prevnar vaccine timing

A

includes immunogenicity and efficiency in those under 2 years for pneumonia and meningitis. all children less than 2 and those older who are at high risk.

recommended at 2,4, and 6 months with booster at 12-15 months

40
Q

contraindications to vaccines

A

anaphalaxis, encephalopathy within 7 days of DtAP, neurologic issues (no DTaP), immunodeficiency patients should not receive oral polio, MMR and varicella.

41
Q

brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER)

A

this is a way to measure newborn hearing. expensive and req skilled workers. measures EEG after clicks

42
Q

evoked otoacoustic emission

A

measures osund waves by normal cochlear hair cells detected by microphone.

43
Q

what do all states screen newborns for?

A

although tests vary, all screen for congenital hypothyroidism, PKE and galactosemia. treatable but can cause irreversible brain damage. majority screen for sickle cell

44
Q

cholesterol screening in children

A

only after age 2 yrs and only if there is family history of high cholesterol or early MI

45
Q

iron deficiency anemia screening

A

most common between 9-15 months of age. screen hemoglobin during this time and between 4-6 yrs

46
Q

TB screening for kids

A

only for children at risk of getting TB

47
Q

plumbism

A

this is lead intoxication

48
Q

symptoms of lead poisoning

A

anorexia, apathy, lethargy, anemia, irritability and vomiting. chronic lead issues can be asymptomatic. can lead to encephalopy and developmental delay

49
Q

when to screen for lead

A

because it can be asymptomatic, you need to screen for it.

all children 9 months-6 yrs who are exposed to lead like from school or dilapidated housing conditions etc.

50
Q

is circumcision recomended for health reasons (medical)

A

NO. it is unclear. less penile and HPV (in women partners). increased UTIs.

51
Q

medical reasons for circumcision

A

phimosis, paraphimosis (can’t retract the foreskin normally) and balantis (inflammation of glans penis- think candida or other infections)

52
Q

when do initial teeth come in

A

between 3-16 months, average at 6 months.

53
Q

what is the first tooth generally

A

lower central incisor

54
Q

primary teeth

A

generally 20- established by 2 yrs.

55
Q

secondary teeth

A

begins with lower central incisor. 6-8 yrs of age. 32 total teeth.

56
Q

delayed dental eruption

A

occurs after 16 months (primary eruption). assocaited with hypothyroidism, hypo pituatarism, genetics like Down’s and ectodermal dysplasia (conical shape teeth).

57
Q

early dental eruption

A

before 3 months. hyperthyroidism, precocious puberty, too much growth hormone.

58
Q

when are teeth susceptible to excess flouride

A

teeth are most suctible to flourosis (too much fluoride) between 2-4 yrs

59
Q

who needs exces flouride

A

children breast fed past 6 months (exclusively) and those living in areas where tap water has little flouride

60
Q

natal teeth definition

A

present at birth. usually mandibular central incisors

61
Q

neonatal teeth

A

teeth grow or emerge in first month of life. usually mandibular central incisors

62
Q

nursing cavities

A

seen 24-30 months. falling asleep with a nipple in the mouth. strep mutans is the most common bacterial agent. usually involves maxillary incisors, canines and primary first molars.

63
Q

tooth damage

A

a permanent tooth that has been traumatically avulsed can be re-implanted if placed into the socket rapidly. store in liquid like milk.

Pediatrics (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions