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Respiratory Hell > Brpt 04 > Flashcards

Brpt 04 Flashcards

1
Q

Hypoxia

A

Lack of oxygen at the tissue level; does not meet cellular needs

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2
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Lack of oxygen in the arterial blood

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3
Q

Hyperoxia

A

Increased levels of oxygen to the tissues usually due to the use of supplement O2

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4
Q

Hypocapnea (hypocarbia)

A

Decrease in CO2 in the blood

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5
Q

Hypercapnea (hypercarbia)

A

Increase in CO2 in the blood

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6
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish tinge of skin and mucous membrane visible when you have 5 Gm/100 ml or 5 % of blood of dissociated hemoglobin

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7
Q

Secondary polycythemia

A

Increased production of RBCs. Compensatory mechanism to decreased levels of oxygen in the blood

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8
Q

A/C membrane has three main barriers:

A

Alveolar epithelium
Interstitial space and its structures
Capillary endothelium

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9
Q

Where is the highest CO2 level

A

In the venous blood

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10
Q

Hypoxemia aka hypoxic hypoxia

A

In adequate delivery of oxygen to the lungs or from the lungs got the blood

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11
Q

Causes of hypoxemia (hypoxic hypoxia)

A

Hypoventilation
High altitude
Shunt
V/Q mismatch

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12
Q

Does Hypoxemia (hypoxic hypoxia) respond to oxygen therapy?

A

Yes except for shunts because of no blood flow

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13
Q

Anemic Hypoxia

A

Hemoglobin deficiency

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14
Q

Anemic Hypoxia causes

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning, loss of hb

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15
Q

Does Anemic hypoxia respond well to oxygen therapy?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Circulatory hypoxia

A

Stagnant or hypoperfusion or low blood flow

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17
Q

Circulatory hypoxia causes

A

Ischemia, cardiac pump failure, shock

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18
Q

Does Circulatory hypoxia respond to oxygen therapy?

A

Yes as long as the pump is working. Do not withhold oxygen from patient

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19
Q

Histotoxic hypoxia (dysoxia)

A

Poisoning of the cellular oxygen utilization mechanism has occurred

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20
Q

Histotoxic hypoxia (dysoxia) example

A

Cyanide poisoning

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21
Q

Does histotoxic hypoxia (dysoxia) respond to oxygen therapy?

A

No

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22
Q

Acute hypoxia sign/symptoms

A

Tachypnea, increase depth of rr, tachycardia, arrhythmia, confusion

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23
Q

Chronic hypoxia signs/symptoms

A

Increased AP diameter on CXR and secondary polycythemia

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24
Q

Indications for oxygen use

A

PaO2 <60mmHg or SaO2 <90%

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25
Q

When hypoxia is suspected

A

severe trauma, increase work of heart and breathing, acute myocardial infarction

26
Q

Possible hazard/side effect of oxygen use

A

Absorption atelectasis and oxygen toxicity

27
Q

How does oxygen toxicity occur

A

Increased FiO2

28
Q

PIO2 definition

A

Partial pressure of inspired oxygen

29
Q

PAO2 definition

A

Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli

30
Q

PaO2 definition

A

Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood

31
Q

PvO2 definition

A

Partial pressure of oxygen in mixed venous blood

32
Q

SaO2 definition

A

Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood

33
Q

SvO2 definiton

A

Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in mixed venous blood

34
Q

PvCO2 definition

A

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in mixed venous blood

35
Q

PACO2 definition

A

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli

36
Q

PICO2 definition

A

Partial pressure of inspired carbon dioxide

37
Q

PACO2 definition

A

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood

38
Q

PIO2 normal value

A

159 mmHg

39
Q

PAO2 normal value

A

99-100 mmHg

40
Q

PaO2 normal value

A

80-100 mmHg

41
Q

PvO2 normal value

A

40 mmHg

42
Q

SaO2 normal value

A

95-97.5 %

43
Q

SvO2 normal value

A

75%

44
Q

PvCO2 normal value

A

45 mmHg

45
Q

PACO2 normal value

A

40 mmHg

46
Q

PICO2 normal value

A

.23 mmHg

47
Q

PACO2 normal value

A

35-45 mmHg

48
Q

What do peripheral chemoreceptors respond to

A

PaO2 <60 mmHg (decreased oxygen in arterial blood)

49
Q

What does the body use to regulate the respiratory cycle?

A

Oxygen chemoreceptors

50
Q

Knocking out their hypoxic drive can occur as a result of?

A

Increased PaO2 (increased oxygen in arterial blood)

51
Q

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

A

Increased PaO2 greater than 80 mmHg (oxygen in blood > 80)

52
Q

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

A

Fibrotic tissue damage caused by high levels of INHALED oxygen (FiO2)

53
Q

BPD vs ROP

A

BPD = increase of FiO2, ROP = increase of PaO2

54
Q

Absorption Atelectasis

A

Collapse of alveoli because of high levels of inhaled air (FiO2 increase) causing the elimination of N2 from the lung

55
Q

Affinity when O2 dissociation curve shifts RIGHT

A

Decrease

56
Q

Affinity when dissociation curve shifts LEFT

A

Increased

57
Q

If the oxyhemoglobin curve shifts to the RIGHT identify the factors that can affect it

A

Decrease PH, increase temperature, increased 2,3 DPG, increase PaCO2

58
Q

If the oxyhemoglobin curve shifts to the LEFT identify the factors that can affect it

A

Increase PH, decrease in temperature, decrease 2,3 DPG, decrease in PaCO2

59
Q

a patient is hyperventilating and receives oxygen therapy we should expect cardiac output to

A

Decrease

60
Q

Arterial blood gas values reflect gas exchange at the _______ level

A

Pulmonary

61
Q

Venous blood gas values reflect gas exchange at the _________ level

A

Tissue

Respiratory Hell (2 decks)

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