Bronze Medallion Flashcards
What is the ladder approach?
Talk Throw Reach Wade Row Swim Tow Carry
What are the 5 types of victims
Submerged, unconscious, weak, injured, non-swimmer
What law protects you while doing first aid?
The Good Samaritan Act
How do you treat external bleeding?
Position and pressure
What is a tourniquet used for?
To help stop severe bleeding
What law protects you while doing first aid?
The Good Samaritan Act
What does PPE stand for
Personal protection equipment
What are the 3 types of entries?
Slip in, stride jump, head up dive
What are the 3 defenses/releases?
Duck under, kick/push away, throw over head
What are the 3 spinal rollovers?
Vice, canadian, modified
What is the canadian spinal rollover?
Arms pinned to head, rescuer doesn’t go underwater
What is the vice grip spinal rollover?
1 hand on either side of victim, rescuer goes underwater
What is the modified spinal rollover?
Hands pinning head, rescuer goes underwater
What do you do while doing head-to-toe examinations?
Check gloves for bleeding, touch entire body, check wrist for bands identifying medical conditions
How do you open an airway?
Head tilt chin lift
What are the abcs?
Airway, breathing, circulation
What do you start with with an unbreathing conscious chocking victim?
5 back blows, 5 abdominal thrusts
What do you start with with a breathing conscious choking victim?
Tell them to keep coughing and spit it out.
Where do you put the AED pads?
Top left of chest, not on nipple
Under armpit, wrapping around ribcage
What are the 2 types of surface dives?
Head first and foot first
What is shock?
A depression of the body’s circulatory system. Shock occurs when the body is responding to illness, injury, or distress. Expect shock in anyone requiring rescue or first aid.
How do you treat for shock?
Warmth ABCs Rest and reassure Treatment/secondary assessment Semi-sitting/semi-prone
What is airway obstruction?
Blockage of the airway/choking
When do you call 911 with a choking victim?
When they stop breathing
What is anaphylaxis, and how do you treat it?
An allergic reaction, encourage them to use their epi-pen, do pursed lip breathing
What is aspiration, and how do you treat it?
When water enters the lungs, have them cough it out, contact EMS if breathing difficulty occurs
What is asthma, and how do you treat it?
A breathing disorder where there is spasms of the muscles in the airway
Help them take any medication, loosen tight clothing, do pursed lip breathing, contact EMS if it gets severe
What is hyperventilation?
Overbreathing/breathing much faster than necessary
What is angina, and how do you treat it?
A medical disorder caused by poor blood circulation to the heart
Help them take their medication, call EMS, loosen tight fitting clothing
What is a heart attack, and how do you treat it?
A medical condition where circulation of blood to the heart is severely affected
Loosen tight clothing, contact EMS, angina medication, aspirin if not on blood thinners
What is cardiac arrest?
When the heart stops beating
What is stroke, and how do you treat it?
When there is a blockage of blood to the brain Face drooping One arm weak or numb Speech slurred or impaired Time to call EMS
What is a TIA?
A short stroke without long-term effects
What is external bleeding, and you how do you treat it?
Damage to skin or tissue causing bleeding
Use a bandage wrapped around the wound, pulling tight and applying pressure
When do you call EMS for external bleeding?
When the bleeding gets severe and you cannot stop it with bandages
What area do you need to assess with head trauma?
skin, bones, brain tissue
How do you treat head trauma?
Immobilize head
Contact EMS
Treat for bleeding/swelling/bruising
How do you treat nosebleeds?
Pinch nose, tilt head slightly forward, contact EMS if it gets worse or lasts longer
What is internal abdominal bleeding and what are some symptoms?
When trauma occurs inside the abdomen and causes internal bleeding
Rigidity of stomach, difficulty bleeding, pain, bruising
What are some symptoms of a spinal injury?
Pain at site of trauma, loss of coordination, weakness, bruising, swelling
What are the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns?
1st: surface of skin
2nd: upper layers of skin
3rd: through the skin
What is hypoglycemia, and what are the symptoms?
When there is not enough sugar in the bloodstream Pale/cold skin Restlessness Fear Weak pulse Confusion Hyperventilation
What is hyperglycemia, and what are the symptoms?
Too much sugar in the bloodstream
Flushed, dry skin
Excessive thirst
Acetone smell
How do you treat diabetic emergencies?
Test blood sugar if available
Eat candy
What is a seizure and what are the symptoms?
When there is abnormal electrical activity in the brain
Loss of consciousness
Shaking, rigidity
Loss of control of bladder
How do you treat a seizure?
Control/protect the head in water
Clear objects in surrounding area to prevent injury
DO NOT place anything between the victim’s teeth
Contact EMS
What is cyanosis?
When the skin turns blue, resulting of less oxygen in bloodstream
What is the treatment for poisoning?
Contact EMS
Contact Poison Information Centre
Induce vomiting if they tell you to
Put the poison in a clear plastic bag for EMS
What is a heat cramp, and what are the symptoms?
Painful cramps caused Pain Cool skin Fatigue Nausea
How do you treat a heat cramp?
Remove them from the hot environment
Give them water or sport drink
Stretch the cramp
Eat well to restore salt
What is heat exhaustion?
When someone is exposed to high heat for a long time
How do you treat heat exhaustion?
Remove from hot environment
Drink water/sports drink
Eat well
Contact EMS if level of consciousness decreases
What is heatstroke?
Rare condition where the body’s cooling mechanism stops working, causing the temperature to rise
What are the symptoms and treatment of heatstroke?
Nausea Fever Hot, dry skin Fast pulse Decreased level of consciousness Contact EMS Remove from hot environment Remove outer layer of clothing Cool the body
What is the difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke?
Heat stroke victims have a full, pounding pulse while heat exhaustion victims have a weak pulse
What is frostbite?
Freezing of the outer body parts
What is the treatment for frostbite?
Bring them out of the cold area
Warm up affected body parts
What is hypothermia?
Dropping of the body’s temperature
What is the treatment for hypothermia?
Contact EMS
Warm the body, give warm beverages, blankets
What is the treatment for bruising?
Ice the bruised area for 10 to 15 minutes until the bruising subsides
What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?
Sprain: injury to the joints or tendons
Strain: injury to the muscle
What is the treatment for sprains and strains?
Rest
Immobilize
Cold
Elevate
What does rice stand for?
Rest
Immobilize
Cold
Elevate
What is the difference between a closed and open fracture?
Open: bone comes through the skin
Closed: bone stays in the skin
What is the difference between a displaced and an undisplaced closed fracture?
Undisplaced: Bone is still in place
Displaced: Bone is out of place, not in line
What is the most important thing for open fracture victims?
Do not move them from the place you found them, immobilize them
What is a dislocation?
Where the bone at the joint is displaced but not broken
What are the most commonly dislocated joints?
Shoulder, finger, toe
What does PPE stand for
Personal protection equipment
What does PPE stand for
Personal protection equipment
