Bronze Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Which factors contribute to your safety in an aquatic environment

A

Weather conditions, slippery floor,

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2
Q

List the steps in any rescue

A

Awareness
Assessment
Action
Aftercare

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3
Q

List the characteristics of the different types of swimmers.

A

Non-swimmer: Panic when experiencing difficulty. Vertical in water and appear to be “climbing the ladder”. Minimal or non-supportive leg action. Submerge and may or may not be facing the shore. May attempt to grasp the rescuer. Head low in water with mouth at water level, head tilted back with mouth opening and closing as they gasp for air. Bobbing up and down. Splashing

Weak swimmer: May be capable of using arms and legs for support. Angle in water (approx. 45 degrees), may attempt to grasp the rescuer or flotation device. Tilted up head position, tilted towards safety for help.

Injured swimmer: Grasp injured body part and call for help. May be in awkward position. However capable of using flotation device if provided.

Unconscious: May be at any level of pool depending on how long they were unconscious for. May be face-down or face-up in water, but NOT moving

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4
Q

List the different types of defences and when to use them.

A

-Maintain a safe distance from the person in difficulty.
• Tuck the legs rapidly under the body.
• Push the legs forwards.
• Make a final assessment from this safe position

Rope: swimmer is far away and capable of grabbing onto the rope, more efficient. Kickboard, pool noodle, tube: unconscious or non-swimmer, no effort required by them.

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5
Q

List some associated safety issues when swimming in the following aquatic environments: river, public pool, home

A

Rivers:

  • Crumbling banks
  • Uneven and unsafe river beds
  • submerged obstacles
  • Currents
Public Pool:
-Large crowds with young children, elderly people or inexperienced swimmers
-Slippery surfaces around edges
-Varied depth of water
Lakes and Dams:
-River entry points
-Cold water
-Waves (surging)

The Home:

  • Unfenced
  • Gates/ barriers left open
  • Uncovered spa bath
  • Filled paddling pools which are not in use
  • Eskies with melted ice
  • Bath filled with water or plug left in
  • Washing machines with open lids
  • Toilets with open or accessible lids
  • Buckets filled with liquids
  • Fish bonds which may attract youngsters
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6
Q

What is the name of the grip best used to immobilise a spinal casualty in ‘deep’ water?

A

The Vice Grip

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7
Q

Why is it vital that first aider’s document incidents in which they are involved?

A

So it can be referred to later on and all key information is there
For the doctor to know exactly what happened

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8
Q

Steps for emergency care procedure

A
Danger
Response
Send for help
Air way
Breathing
Cpr (compressions)
Defib
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9
Q

List the entries into the water

A
Slide
Step in 
Compact jump
Standing Dive
Shallow Dive	
Stride
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10
Q

When would you use a ‘Slide’ entry into water? and give an example

A

Unknown depth and state of bottom of water.
As it is a controlled and safe entry, it allows the feet and an aid to feel for unseen obstacles below the surface.

Use upper body to slowly lower into the water feeling with feet for obstacle

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11
Q

When would you use a ‘step in’ entry into water? and give an example

A

Clear water, known depth, bottom free from obstacles.
Entry is most appropriate for areas where the entry point is not much higher than the water level.

Feet together on edge of pool. Chin up, arms out to side. Take large stride forward and maintain this stride as you enter water.

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12
Q

When would you use a ‘compact jump’ into the water? and give example

A

An entry is required from a height of more than one metre into known deep water. A feet-first entry is safer than a head-first entry, especially when the water has debris floating on it. This entry is primarily used in emergencies.

From a height keeping the rescue tube up under the armpits, feet flat, knees slightly bent

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13
Q

When would you use a ‘standing dive’ in the water? and give an example

A

The water is known to be deep and free of obstacles.

Diving. Both feet grip the edge of the pool standing hip-width apart. The body is bent at the knees and hip, with the upper body, head and arms curved and pointing at the water.

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14
Q

When would you use a ‘shallow dive’ in the water? and give example

A

The water is known to be deep and free of obstacles.

Leap forward parallel to the water, stretching your arms far out in front of you and your legs behind you. Drop your arms and head slightly just before you reach the water so that you strike the water at a shallow angle. Glide just below the surface of the water until you feel your speed begin to diminish.

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15
Q

When would you use a ‘Stride’ into the water? and give an example

A

A rescuer needs to watch the person in difficulty and entry is to be made from a low height into water known to be free of obstacles.

Extend 1 leg some distance, slightly bend the knees, lean forward and extend arms sideways. On entering the water, push down with the arms and scissor kick the legs to keep head out of water. and nose, step off then bring legs together keeping them straight.

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16
Q

List the non-swimming rescue techniques

A
Talk (verbal)
Reach 
Throw 
Wade 
Row 
Swim (accompanied)
Tow (non-contact and contact)
17
Q

When would you use the non-swimming rescue of ‘talking’? and how would you use it?

A

The person in trouble is conscious, capable of responding to instructions and is close enough to the rescuer to hear instructions.

Verbally
gestures and voice (saying what is happening)

18
Q

When would you use the non-swimming rescue of ‘reach;? and how would you use it?

A

The person in difficulty is near the edge; for example, having fallen in the water.

Physically
Reaching out to grab a limb and pull them in

19
Q

When would you use the non-swimming rescue of ‘throw’? and how would you use it?

A

The person in difficulty is too far away to carry out a reach rescue. The purpose of throwing a buoyant aid is to provide the swimmer in difficulty with support until removal from the danger area is possible.

Physically throwing a rope out or tube if close enough and pull them in

20
Q

When would you use the non-swimming rescue of ‘Wade’? and how would you use it?

A

Attempts to reach and throw have been unsuccessful and the depth, current and temperature of the water permit a safe entry. The technique brings the rescue nearer to the person in difficulty and may enable a reach or throw rescue to be attempted.

Physically wade out so you are closer to the patient and then can use a throwing device to bring them in

21
Q

When would you use the non-swimming rescue of ‘Row’? and how would you use it?

A

It is not possible to perform reach or throw rescues and a wade rescue is not possible because of the depth of the water. This is an effective and safe technique because the rescuer remains clear of the water and the person in difficulty can be made secure quickly and safely. Be aware of the craft and its limitations

Physically

22
Q

When would you use the non-swimming rescue of ‘Swim’ (accompanied)? and how would you use it?

A

Swim only when all land-based rescues have either failed or are not appropriate.

Physically swim out to rescue them but keeping safe yourself

23
Q

When would you use the non-swimming rescue of ‘Swim’ (non-contact and contact)? and how would you use it?

A

If a swimming rescue is to be used, always attempt an accompanied rescue first. However, a non-contact tow can be used when an accompanied rescue is not possible or has proven ineffective.

Physically toe them in with a device like kickboard or pool noodle.