Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Question 1

What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

Answer 1

A disorder of premature infants characterized by respiratory distress and impaired gas exchange. Chronic lung injury

Question 2

What factors contribute to BPD?

Answer 2

PDA, fluid overload, very low birth weight, nutritional deficiency, prematurity, and inflammatory lung injury

Question 3

How is BPD diagnosed?

Answer 3

> 28% oxygen for >28 days at 36 weeks corrected for preemies or 28-56 days for term babies

Question 4

What is BPD a direct result of?

Answer 4

Oxygen toxicity
Barotrauma
Volutrauma

Question 5

What are the clinical manifestations of BPD?

Answer 5

Ground glass appearance on CXR, cysts, visible cardiac borders. Alveolar hypoplasia, halt in development of terminal airways, alteration of pulmonary arteries and their distribution, interstitial changes.
Tachypnea, increased WOB, oxygen dependence, fine crackles

Question 6

How can we manage BPD?

Answer 6

Optimizing infant temperature, minimizing FiO2, early optimization of ventilation.

Question 7

What drugs can we give to close a PDA?

Answer 7

Indomethicin and Ibuprofen both act on the vasculature to help close the PDA