Bronchodilators Flashcards
1) what class of drugs do Formoterol fumarate and salmeterol belong to?
2) These drugs should only be used in asthma in combination which which other drug?
1) longer-acting beta2 agonist
2) Inhaled corticosteroid.
why are long-acting beta2 agonist and a corticosteroid usually combined in a single inhaler?
1) Ensure that long-acting beta2 agonists are not used without concomitant corticosteroids.
2) improve adherence
Indacaterol and olodaterol are long-acting beta2 agonists. what conditions are they licencsed to treat?
COPD in adults; they are not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm.
1) who are oral preparations of beta2 agonists sometimes prescribed to?
2) what are the drawbacks of using oral treatment compared to inhaled therapy?
1) patients who cannot manage the inhaled route. sometimes used for children and the elderly
2) inhaled beta2 agonists are more effective and have fewer side-effects.
Bambuterol hydrochloride is a long acting beta2 agonists. What condition could this drug be of benefit in?
nocturnal asthma but, limited role and inhaled long-acting beta2 agonists are usually preferred
1) Outline when Salbutamol or terbutaline sulfate may be given IV
2) why is this route not recommended?
1) severe or life-threatening acute asthma
2) evidence of benefit is uncertain and it may be difficult to withdraw such treatment once started
A pressurised metered-dose inhaler should be used with a spacer device in children under what age?
children under 5 years
what class of drug does Ipratropium bromide belong to, and what is it indicated to treat?
1) Antimuscarinic bronchodilators
2) can provide short-term relief in chronic asthma (but SABA act quicker and are preferred)
3) By nebulisation can be added to other standard treatment in life-threatening asthma or if acute asthma fails to improve with standard therapy.
4) COPD
The aerosol inhalation of ipratropium bromide can be used for short-term relief in mild COPD in those not using a LAMA.
1) how long does it take for its maximal effects to occur?
2) how long is its duration of action?
1) 30–60 minutes after use
2) Duration of action is 3 to 6 hours and bronchodilation can usually be maintained with treatment 3 times a day
what class of drug does theophylline belong to and what is it indicated to treat?
1) xanthine
2) used as a bronchodilator in asthma and stable COPD
Theophylline may have an additive effect when used in conjunction with small doses of beta2 agonists. what can this lead to?
The combination may increase the risk of side-effects, including hypokalaemia.
Theophylline is given by injection as aminophylline, which is needed rarely for severe acute asthma. How many times more soluble is aminophylline compared to theophylline?
20
