Bronchitis

Question 1

What CRITERIA diagnoses bronchitis

Answer 1

Anthonisen Criteria
Elements- increase in sputum volume, dyspnea and sputum purulence
Severity- all 3 (type 1 severe), 2 (type 2 moderate), 1 (type 3 mild)
Accompanied by fever, wheezing/coughing, URI in last 5 days, increased RR

Question 2

What are the risk factors for AECB

Answer 2

°Age
°Oxygen use
°Cardiac disease
°Corticosteroid use
°Antibiotics in last 3 months
°Severe COPD (4 exacerbations in a year)

Question 3

Give 3 examples of G+ cocci

Answer 3

°Staphylococcus
°Streptococcus
°Enterococcus faecalis

Question 4

Give 3 examples of G- cocci

Answer 4

°Neisseria meningitidis
°Moraxella catarrhalis
°Neisseria gonorrhea

Question 5

3 examples of G+ rods

Answer 5

°Listeria
°Bacillus
°Clostridium

Question 6

3 examples of G- rods

Answer 6

°Klebsiella
°Pseudomonas aeruginosa
°Escharichia coli

Question 7

3 examples of Anaerobes

Answer 7

°Clostridium
°Bacteroides
°Fusobacterium

Question 8

3 examples of atypical microorganisms

Answer 8

°Chlamydia pneumoniae
°Legionella pneumophila
°Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 9

Which bacteria cause Bacterial meningitis?

Answer 9

°Streptococcus pneumoniae
°Neisseria meningitidis
°Haemophilus influenzae
°Streptococcus agalactiae
°Listeria monocytogenes

Question 10

Bacteria causing Eye infections

Answer 10

°Staphylococcus aureus
°Neisseria gonorrheae
°Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 11

Otis Media causer

Answer 11

°Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 12

Bacteria that cause skin infections

Answer 12

°Staphylococcus aureus
°Streptococcus pyogens
°Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 13

Bacteria that cause pneumoniae

Answer 13

CAP
°Streptococcus pneumoniae
°Haemophilus influenzae
°Staphylococcus aureus
TB
°Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 14

Bacteria causing upper respiratory tract infections

Answer 14

°Streptococcus pyogens
°Haemophilus influenzae
°Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 15

Define acute bronchitis

Answer 15

°Inflammation of the airways due to viral, bacteria, irritants, GERD, cystic fibrosis
°Narrows the tubes and increases secretions of inflammatory fluid

Question 16

Define chronic bronchitis

Answer 16

°Daily sputum production for at least 3 months in 2 consecutive years
°Results from repeated attacks of AB resulting in weakened and irritated bronchial airways

Question 17

Causative agents of AB

Answer 17

°Influenzae A and B
°Respiratory Syncytial virus
°Coronavirus
°Streptococcus pneumoniae
°Staphylococcus aureus

Question 18

Pathophysiology AB and miscellaneous

Answer 18

Hype remix and edematous mucous from viral infection causes
°Mucosal irritation and inflammation
°Up bronchial secretions
° Bronchospams
°Destruction of the respiratory epithelium
°Affect bronchial mucociliary function
°Recurrent airway infections
Exposure to noxious environment

Question 19

Signs and symptoms of Bronchitis are

Answer 19

°Hacking cough
°Nasopharyngeal complaints
°Production of clear, yellow, or green sputum
°Fever and N/V/D/H
°Sore throat
°Rhinitis
°General malaise/fatigue
°Chest pain
°Dyspnea and cyanosis

Question 20

What are the 4 complications of AB

Answer 20

1. Bacterial super infections
2. Pneumoniae
3. Chronic Bronchitis
4. Hemoptysis (bloody sputum)

Question 21

Diagnosing AB

Answer 21

°FBC
°Sputum cytology if cough persist
°Provalcitonin levels high if bacterial infections
°Chest radiography if suspected pneumoniae in elderly with no symps
°Bronchoscopy
°Spirometry assess for bronchi spasms
°Throat swab
°Culture and gram stain sputum and blood if febrile

Question 22

What is the significance of Procalcitonin

Answer 22

°Elevated means bacterial infections
°Initiate antimicrobial therapy

Question 23

What are the goals of therapy in Bronchitis management

Answer 23

°Correct dehydration
°Eradicate causative agent
°Alleviate symptoms
°Open obstructed airways
°Thin obstructive secretions
°Prevent complications e. g CB, pneumoniae