Bronchi Lungs Pleura and Diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

What vertebral level does the trachea start and end at?

A

C6 to T4/T5

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2
Q

What is the name of the hooked cartilage at the bottom of the trachea?

A

Carina

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3
Q

What are the three divisions of the bronchi?

A

Primary - Lobar - Segmental

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4
Q

What are the cartilaginous structures found at the top of the airway?

A

Thyroid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage

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5
Q

How are the two primary bronchi different?

A

The right bronchus has a larger diameter and is more vertical

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6
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are there per lung?

A

10

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7
Q

What do the vessels, nerves and bronchi from the mediastinum have to pass through to get to the lungs?

A

Root of the lung

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8
Q

Where is the apex of the lung?

A

3-4 cm above the level of the first costal cartilage

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9
Q

What are the three edges of the lung?

A

Anterior, Posterior, Inferior

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10
Q

What are the three surfaces of the lung?

A

Costal, Mediastinal, Diaphragmatic

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11
Q

What does the diaphragm separate?

A

Right lung from the right lobe of the liver Left lung from the left lobe of the liver, the stomach and the spleen

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12
Q

What is found above and behind the cardiac impression on the mediastinal surface of the lung?

A

The hilum of the lung where the vessels, bronchi and nerves enter the lung from the mediastinum

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13
Q

Describe the arrangement of the vessels and bronchi in the hilum of the lung.

A

The pulmonary artery is superior to the pulmonary veins. Bronchus is generally superior. The left bronchus divides into lobar bronchi within the lung. The right bronchus may divide into lobar bronchi in the hilum (before entering the lung).

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14
Q

Name the lobes in the right and left lung.

A

Right = superior, middle and inferior Left = superior, inferior

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15
Q

Name the fissures separating the lobes.

A

_ Superior from Middle = horizontal Middle from Inferior = oblique Left_ Superior from Inferior = oblique

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16
Q

What structures enter of leave the hilum of the lung?

A

Pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, bronchus, pulmonary nerve plexus, lymph vessels and nodes

17
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament?

A

Inferior fold of pleura (below the hilum)

18
Q

Where do the visceral and parietal pleura become continuous?

A

At the hilum of the lungs

19
Q

What is the gap between the inferior surface of the lung and the inferior surface of the pleura called?

A

Costo-diaphragmatic recess

20
Q

What are the attachments of the diaphragm?

A

Costal margin Xiphoid process Ends of ribs 11 and 12 Lumbar vertebrae

21
Q

How do the dimensions of the thoracic cavity change when inspiring?

A

Anteroposterior diameter increases Transverse diameter increases

22
Q

What happens in forced expiration?

A

The abdominal muscle contracts pushing the abdominal viscera against the diaphragm and pulling the costal margin down.