Broad Consonants

Question 1

b ‘Bairbre, ‘bu’í

Answer 1

b^u English: but

Question 2

p ‘Páidín

Answer 2

p^u English: put

Question 3

d ‘Donncha

Answer 3

d^u tip of tongue against upper front teeth

Question 4

t ‘Tomás

Answer 4

t^u tip of tongue against upper front teeth

Question 5

g ‘gasúr, ‘gaoth

Answer 5

g^u somewhat more retracted than English: gum

Question 6

k ‘Cáit, caoi

Answer 6

k^u somewhat more retracted than English: cut

Question 7

ɣ ‘gh’asúr, ‘Dh’onncha, ‘gh’aoth

Answer 7

The organs of speech are in the same position as for the sound /x/, byt /ɣ/ is voiced.

Question 8

w ‘Bh’airbre, ‘Mh’áire

Answer 8

English: won

Question 9

s Sasana

Answer 9

English: suck

Question 10

f ‘fós, ‘faoi, ‘Ph’áidín

Answer 10

English: fun

Question 11

χ ‘Ch’áit ‘ch’aoi

Answer 11

Scottish English: loch

Question 12

m ‘Máire

Answer 12

English: much

Question 13

N ná ‘naoi

Answer 13

The sounds /N/ and /L/ are tenser than English n and l: to achieve this quality, raise the centre of the tongue towards the soft palate

Question 14

L lá

Answer 14

The sounds /N/ and /L/ are tenser than English n and l: to achieve this quality, raise the centre of the tongue towards the soft palate

Question 15

ŋ ‘ng’asúr, ‘ng’aoth

Answer 15

English: su’ng’

Question 16

r ‘Ruairí

Answer 16

The sound /r/ is ‘flapped’, i.e. the tip of the tongue makes one tap against the back of the teeth-ridge, as in Scottish English: bar, Spanish: oro