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Britlyn Board studying > Britsy Board Review > Flashcards

Britsy Board Review Flashcards

Ace this thing.

1
Q

Meckel Diverticulum is from the persistence of what embryonic structure?

A

Vitelline duct

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2
Q

Persistance of the cloacal membrane leads to

A

imperforate anus

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3
Q

Rifampin monotherapy

A

prophylaxis after definitive exposure to H. flu or N. meningitides

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4
Q

What is the tropism for rhinovirus? Why?

A

Nose and throat, because gets inactivated by stomach acid

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5
Q

What does sickle cell do to haptoglobin concentration?

A

Decreases

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6
Q

Myasthenia Gravis is associated with hyperplasia of what organ?

A

Thymus- i.e. hyperplasia or adenoma.

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7
Q

Pharyngeal Pouch 1

A

middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, mastoid air cells (aka: the endoderm-lined structures of the ear)

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8
Q

Pharyngeal pouch 2

A

epithelial lining of palatine tonsil

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9
Q

Pharyngeal Pouch 3

A

Inferior parathyroids. (and end up below the 4th pouch stuff)

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10
Q

Pharyngeal Kangaroo Pouch 4

A

superior parathyroids (kangaroos hop up!)

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11
Q

Cardiac Output Equations

A

CO=SV*HR
and
CO(arterial O2-venous O2)=rate of O2 consumption

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12
Q

Azoles MOA

A

inhibit ergosterol by inhibiting P450

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13
Q

Treat anaerobic infxn- above vs. below diaphragm

A

Clinda for above (b/c can handle anaerobic and aerobic- remember my dry socket experience?), and metronidazole for below (just aneorobic)

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14
Q

Henoch Schonlein Purpura

A

purpura, arthralgia, GI issues, IgA nephropathy.

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15
Q

It all comes back to Marfan’s.

A

Tall, thing, loose joints (microfibrils present in periosteum), Occular Abnormalities, cardio issues

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16
Q

Thiazolidinediones MOA

A

bind PPAR, decrease insulin resistance, increases adopenectin

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17
Q

Aortic Baroreceptor

A

respond ONLY to increased BP. transmits via vagus nerve to solitary nucleus of medulla.

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18
Q

Carotid Sinus Baroreceptor

A

responds to increased and decreased BP. glossopharyngeal nerve to solitary nucleus of medulla.

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19
Q

Carotid and aortic chemoreceptors

A

stimulated by increased PCO2, decreased PO2 and pH

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20
Q

Central chemoreceptors

A

Respond to changes in pH and PCO2 of brain interstitial fluid.

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21
Q

Maternal diabetes

A

transposition of the great vessels (separate circulations)

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22
Q

Mitral Regurgitation

A

Holosystolic murmur

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23
Q

Mitral Stenosis

A

Opening Snap at the beginning of diastole and mid-dyastolic murmur

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24
Q

cold agglutinins

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae, EBV, hematologic malignancy

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25
Isoniazid is like unto which vitamin?
B6
26
Edwards' syndrome
migrognathia, low-set Ears, clenched hands, rocker-bottom feet. 1:8000
27
Patau's syndrome
microphthalmia, microcephaly, cleft liP/Palate, holoProsencephaly. Rocker bottom feet. Increased nuchal translucency.
28
Treat atropine overdose
Physotigmine
29
Rubella
Post-auricular lymphadenopathy
30
Antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning and MOA
fomepizole- inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase
31
Metabolic processes that occur in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria
Heme synthesis, urea cycle, gluconeogenesis
32
Essential fructosuria enzyme
fructokinase
33
Frructose intolerance enzyme
aldolase B
34
Classic galactosemia enzyme
galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase
35
Polyarteritis nodosa associated with?
Hepatitis B
36
Buerger's disease
Segmental thrombosing vasculitis that etends to contiguous nerves and veins. claudication, can lead to gangrene. Raynaud's. Tx with smoking cessation.
37
Thayer-Martin selective media
For Neisseria species. Contains vanco, polymyxin, nystatin, and trimethoprim
38
HIV env
gp120-attachment to host CD4. p41-fusion and entry
39
HIV gag
p24 capsid protein
40
HIV pol
reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase
41
Follicular lymphoma gene and translocation
t(14;18) bcl-2
42
Burkitt lymphoma gene and translocation
t*8; 14) c-myc
43
Mantle cell lymphoma gene and translocation
t(11;14)- cyclin D1 switched with hIg
44
S100
neural crest (melanomas, neural tumors, schwannomas)
45
Fabry's Disease
deficient alpha-galactosidase A. Ceramide trihexoside accumulates. Peripheral neuropathy of hands/feet, angiokeratomas, cardiovascular/renal dz. XR
46
Gaucher's Disease
deficient glucocerebrosidas, glucocerebroside accumulates. Hepatosplenomegaly, Gaucher's cells (tissue paper macrophates)
47
Niemann-Pick
Sphingomyelinase def, sphingomyelin accs. (Niemann Pick's his nose with his sphinger)
48
Tay-Sachs
Hexosaminidase A def. GM2 ganglioside accumulates.
49
Metachromatic leukodystrophy.
Arylsulfatase A def, cerebroside sulfate accumulates. Central and periperhal demyelination with ataxia and dementia.
50
Hurler's syndrome
a-L-iduronidase def, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate accumulte. Development delay, gargoylism, airway obstruction, corneal clouding, hepatosplenomegaly. AR
51
Hunter's syndrome
MIld Hurler's + aggressive behavior, no corneal clouding. Irudonate sulfatase def, acc of heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate. XR
52
Sickle Cell Anemia
Point mutation in BETA chain. Valine replaces glutamic acid.
53
Primary versus Secondary Amyloidosis
Primary=A-Light chain. Seconary- AA, rheumatoid Arthritis (among other things)
54
What does the CCA sequence mean to me?
Attached to the 3' end of the tRNA and binds to amino acids
55
Cheyne-stokes respirations
Cyclic breathing- apnea then increasing and then decreasing tidal volumes. Associated with CHF and increased intracranial pressures
56
CREST antibody
Anti-centromere antibody
57
Diffuse scleroderma antibody
Anti-DNA topoisomerase (Scl-70)
58
Uniform round tumor cells with basiphilic cytoplasm and lots of ki-67
Burkitt Lymphoma
59
Amphotericin B side effects
Renal tox!!! Fever/chills, hypotension, arrhythmias, anemia, I'V phlebitis. Low magnesium and potassium due to increased tubule permeability
60
Alkaptonuria
Deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase.

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