British- master gardeners Flashcards
d e f i n i t i o n s
MONOPOLY
exclusive right to trade
d e f i n i t i o n s
SEPOY
indian troops serving in the british army of
d e f i n i t i o n s
NAWAB
a muslim title/muslim nobleman
d e f i n i t i o n s
DOCTRINE OF LAPSE
a policy applied by the BEIC until 1958- any indian princely state would be taken into British India if the ruler was judged to be incompetent or died without a male heir
d e f i n i t i o n s
MUTINY
an open rebellion against the authority usually by soldiers or sailors
d e f i n i t i o n s
RAJ
meaning rule, especially British rule in India (1858-1947)
d e f i n i t i o n s
VICEROY
the deputy for the monarch - the title of the man who headed up the government in india after 1858
d e f i n i t i o n s
CASH CROP
crops like cotton or tea, that are made to be sold at market at a profit rather than for a farmer to feed his family
when was the east india company founded?
1600
what is the aim of the EIC?
the aim was to make maximum profit for its share holders, from india’s natural resources and produce such as silk, gold, silver, gemstones, tea and spices and manufactured goods like textiles
when was the first eic trading post set up?
1612
where was the first eic trading post set up at?
surat
then in madras 1638 and bombay 1668
what happened in 1707?
emperor aurangzeb died and mughal control began weakening
then what happened in 1750s and onward?
★ clive’s success at the battle of plassey (bengal)
★ the eic used a combo of military force and negotiation with local princes to extend its political & economic control into other areas of india.
★ in the 1700s there was considerable integration between eic employees and indian people with whom they worked- learning local languages and marrying indian women or adopting aspects of indian culture
when did the british become increasingly separated from the local people?
1800-1850
how did the British separate themselves from the locals?
♡ dressing in british clothing
♡ only socialising with british people
♡ refusing to learn local languages
♡ sending christian missionaries to india
what happened in may of 1857?
85 sepoys mutinied in meerut sparking a period of rebellion against the british (representing a longer term unhappiness at unfair treatment of sepoys; concerns that the British were trying to convert the indians to christianity, harsh taxes and policies like the doctrine of lapse)
when did the British rule
over india?
1858-1947
when did the EIC rule India?
1757-1858
k e y f e a t u r e s
military
♥︎ indian soldiers were vital to british rule
♥︎ the european officers controlled the soldiers in the indian army
♥︎ around 40% of india’s wealth was spent on the army which was used by the british all around the world (including wars in south africa (1899-1902) and ww1 and ww2)
k e y f e a t u r e s
politics
♦︎ india was governed by the viceroy (on behalf of the british monarch).
♦︎ only 60% of india was directly governed by the british - the rest were princely states where local rulers had complete authority as long as they did not do anything the british did not approve of.
♦︎ there were also some conservative councils made of educated indians but these had no real power and were just to help the british keep and eye on the mood in india.
k e y f e a t u r e s
infrastructure
☆british built 40,000 km of railway, 110,000 km of canals and irrigated 6 million hectares of land in india.
☆ these were designed to ensure effective movement of troops as to control india and enable efficient and profitable trade for britain.
k e y f e a t u r e s
economy
♧ india was a vast supplier to britain and it brought british goods in return. ♧ british was heavily reliant on the huge profit made from this rule.
♧ india’s share of the exports fell from 27 to 2% under british rule.
♧ the indian textile industry was completely destroyed
♧ the british encouraged cash crops - meaning when famines came the impacts worsened as fewer crops were being grown for food.
k e y f e a t u r e s
admin
○ british were reliant on thousands of indians who were kept as subordinates.
○ day to day work was undertaken by low paid indians.
○ a middle class of indian civil servants emerged who used the english language and their own.
k e y f e a t u r e s
religion
-after the “mutiny” the british got involved in religion much less and - - -hinduism and islam remained the largest religions in india.
k e y f e a t u r e s
education
☀︎schools and colleges were opened- teaching english language, using textbooks made in britain and teaching british democracy and justice.
☀︎ indian children had to wear british style clothing and learn british games.
