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History > British Empire > Flashcards

British Empire Flashcards

1
Q

The shift in Britain’s imperial priorities following the loss of the American Colonies at the end of the 18th century

A

Swing to the East

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2
Q

Event over the 19th century that made Britain ‘the workshop of the world’

A

The Industrial Revolution

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3
Q

How did the 1870 Education Act impact on public opinions?

A

increased literacy rates
therefore, more people could read Empire Propaganda

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4
Q

Why did Christians support the Empire?

A

The three ‘C’s
Civilisation, Christianity, Commerce

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5
Q

When did Benjamin Disraeli purchase £4 million in chares of the Suez Canal?

A

1875

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6
Q

Who was H. Ryder Haggard?

A

Writer
published ‘King Solomon’s Mines’
and ‘She’ (1887)
novels following British people exploring Africa

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7
Q

How was the invasion of Sudan (1898) justified?

A
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8
Q

Why did it take the British 30 years to subdue Mahdists in Sudan?

A

Britain were instilling a modern form of government Sudan hadn’t had before.
Sent 33 punitive expeditions into Sudan, forcing tribespeople to accept the changes.

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9
Q

What did Britain and France sign in 1904?

A

Entente Cordiale

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10
Q

What changes in Egypt brought about a Nationalist uprising led by Colonel Arabi Pasha?

A

High Taxes on Egyptian goods
Army reduced by 2/3
Bad state of economy

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11
Q

At which battle did Kitchener defeat the Sudanese?

A

Battle of Omdurman (1898)

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12
Q

What impact did the 1866 and 1884 Reform Acts have on politics?

A

increased number of men able to vote
1867- to 1.4 million
1884- to 5.5 million

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13
Q

What did the Indian National Congress do once established in 1885?

A

Gave (mostly Hindu) Indians a place to discuss public affairs and criticise the (British) government.

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14
Q

How did newspapers report Arabi Pasha’s revolt in 1882 in Alexandria?

A

Muslim mobs attacking and killing Europeans Christians

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15
Q

How did explorers influence public attitudes to Empire?

A

Raising awareness of Empire
Writing from Africa
Celebrity intrigue
Publishing their stories and findings

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16
Q

What was the policy of the Liberals?

A

Consolidate Empire
Develop existing colonies and direct them towards self-government

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17
Q

Tensions with Russia (1890-1914)

A

‘The Great Game’
Tension around Indian Boarder, Russians were edging into Afghanistan.
So, Viceroy Curzon created the North-West Frontier Province

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18
Q

Who was made Governor General of Egypt in 1882?

A

Evelyn Baring

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19
Q

How did railways improve Indian lives?

A

Mostly strategic but they:
Useful for trade
Made it easier to access other areas of the country

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20
Q

What % of India was ruled by princely states?

A

40%
565 of them

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21
Q

What did Britain think about Indian/African people?

A

Less civilised and primitive societies

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22
Q

Why were Hindus not happy with the partition of Bengal?

A

Separated east for Muslims and west for Hindus
Hindu nobility owned land in the east which they then lost.
Resulted in the Swadeshi movement

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23
Q

Who was Robert Baden Powell?

A

Boer War Hero
Set up the Boy Scouts (1908)
And the Girl Guides (1912)

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24
Q

How did the Berlin conference impact British expansion in Africa?

A

Other European powers could take areas if they could prove they had more influence in a region (effective occupation)

25
Q

Who were Gilbert and Sullivan?

A

Opera writers
Patriotic and often comedic

26
Q

What was the Convention of Pretoria
(1881)?

A
27
Q

The Partition of Bengal- July 1905

A

Split the area into two.
East Muslim majority
West Hindu Majority

28
Q

When did New Zealand gain dominion status?

A

1907

29
Q

What was the ‘Doctrine of Lapse’?

A

Established 1858
Princely states would fall back under British Rule when the direct line of descent ended.

30
Q

Why did Britain annex Bechuanaland in 1885?

A

Germans becoming active in South West Africa.
Didn’t want Germans to become allies of the Boer so separated them with Bechuanaland

31
Q

What was the India Council?

A

15 ‘expert’ members supposed to advise the Secretary of State for India on decision making

32
Q

At which battle were Colonel Arabi’s forced defeated?

A

Tel-el-Kebir in Egypt

33
Q

What was a ‘Merchant-Imperialist’?

A

A capitalist who secured British influence in an area through trade.

34
Q

How did the British prevent unity in the Indian Army after the Indian Mutiny?

A

Mixed regiments by religion, caste and language.
Replaced Bengalis with Sikhs and Gurkhas
1:2 ratio of British to Indian soldiers
Sent Indian troops abroad

35
Q

What criticisms did the Indian National Congress have?

A

Indian industry being supressed
Indian taxes paying the wage of British individuals in the Indian Civil Service

36
Q

Which 1838 report moved Britain towards a system of ‘responsible government’ in white settler colonies?

A

The Durham Report (1838)

37
Q

How did Consul-General Gorst weaken Egyptian Nationalism?

A

Censorship of press
Hire more Egyptians into government (appeasal)

38
Q

The Impact of the Indian Mutiny on religion

A

missionaries discouraged in India
British told to be more religiously sensitive

39
Q

Why did Britain go to war with the Zulu and Pedi tribes in 1879?

A

claimed it was for the protection of the Boer

40
Q

When did Britain annex Bechuanaland?

A

1885

41
Q

Why did Gladstone choose not to retaliate to the Mahdi?

A

Avoid Casualties
Save money and troops
Saw no gain in control of Sudan

42
Q

What reforms did Evelyn Baring make in Egypt?

A

cutbacks on military and beaurocracy
investment in irrigation
sanitation in towns
improved working conditions

43
Q

At which battle did Britain lose 150 soldiers against the Boer in Feb 1881?

A

Battle of Majuba Hill

44
Q

What year was Queen Victoria made Empress of India by Benjamin Disraeli?

A

1877

45
Q

Explain the ‘Cycle of Dependency’ between Africa and Britain

A

African materials were taken to Britain to be manufactured into goods, sold back to Africa

46
Q

When was there a ‘Great Depression’ in the 19th century?

A

1873-1896

47
Q

When did Britain annex Basutoland?

A

1868

48
Q

When did Britain annex Zululand?

A

1879

49
Q

By the 1870s what % of Egypt’s imports came from Britain?

A

40%

50
Q

When was the Suez Canal complete?

A

1869

51
Q

Who replaced Ismail Pasha as Khedive in 1979?

A

Tewfiq Pasha

52
Q

Which city was bombarded by the British in 1882?

A

Alexandria

53
Q

Who led the Sudanese army wanting to force our British and Egyptian influence in 1885?

A

The Mahdi

54
Q

By 1900 what % of Africa was colonised?

A

90%

55
Q

Which colony was Ashantiland incorporated into in 1902?

A

The Gold Coast

56
Q

When did the British Government take over the British Niger Company’s duties in Nigeria?

A

1900- North
1906- South
1914- Unified

57
Q

What territories made up British East Africa in 1914?

A

Rhodesia, Zanzibar, Uganda, Kenya, Sudan, Somaliland

58
Q

In 1890, Britain signed a treaty with which country confirming their influence over Zanzibar?

A

Germany

History (2 decks)

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