Brief framework Flashcards
- Intro pre Pearl Harbor
US neutrality (D)
Lend-lease (D)
Sanctions/ embargo on JAP (E)
- Intro post Pearl Harbor
Declaration of War: armed conflict on the competition continuum (D)
Strike back, but how? (M)
- Intro Conception/ Approval
To conduct a bombing raid on mainland Japan using USAAF B25 medium bombers launched from a USN aircraft carrier. approved by POTUS
- DIME Diplomatic
-strained relations US/JPN relations due to JAP aggression in pacific
-Failed following Pearl Harbor
-Lend lease with china/russia
- DIME Information
-Perception and propaganda
-Strong Japan, weak/vulnerable US
-US shifting narrative
- DIME Military
-Direct military intervention
-Strategic strike
-innovative approach
- DIME Economic
sanctions and embargo on Japan oil and steel
- Ends (objectives)-
-Retaliate against Japan
-Boost US morale
-Demonstrate US resolve and capability following setback (I)
- Ways (methods)-
-Innovative military approach (M)
-Element of surprise
- Means (resources)-
-Joint operation with USAAF and USN
-Utilizing highly modified aircraft (B-25 was eventually chosen)
-Skilled personnel selected from 17th Bombardment Group (Meritocracy)
- Risk
-High risk for crew safety and potential for escalation
- Risk: -Suitability-
Accomplishes the strategic objective
- Risk: -Feasibility-
The bombing raid, yes. The crew’s safety, questionable.
- Risk: -Acceptability-
Strategic benefit outweighed the tactical risk
- Planning would require 2 things
operational art (creative solutions) and science (known tactics)
BONUS Clausewitz trinity
Passion
Politics
Chance
- Frame the OE (PIP)
PMESIIPT
POLITICAL- allianced, diplomatic relations in pacific, political willingness
INFORMATION- intelligence on targets, maintaining secrecy
PHYSICAL TERRAIN- Pacific distances, weather, ocean conditions
- Define the problem
How do we retaliate against Japan after Pearl Harbor to boost US morale and demonstrate US strength and resolve and ability to strike back while minimizing risk to crews and resources?
- Make assumptions (CEL)
-Capability to execute
-Element of Surprise
- minimal Japanese defense of homeland
- Choose the operational approach, why?
JPP because of the missions Joint nature for complex multifaceted environments
- LOOs (SNIL)
-Strategic bombing
-Naval operations
-Intelligence and recon
-Logistics and Sustainment
- LOEs (SIM)
-Surprise and deception
-Interservice coordination
- morale and psychological effect
- OBJs (BDD)
- Boost US morale/ Demoralize JPN (Critical Requirement)
-Demonstrate US resolve
-Disrupt Japanese strategy (Critical Vulnerability due to over extension)
- Limitations
-range
-payload
- Constraints
-Secrecy and surprise
-limited targets due to limited aircraft
- Restraints
-International military law (The Hague)
-Target military/industrial centers. Avoid civilian casualties, avoid cultural landmarks
- Application to Joint Functions
All, but primarily:
-Fires: the bombing itself, achieving effects
-Intel: Gaining intel about the targets, weather and geography
-C2: Coordinating JTF, planning decision making
- Aligned with principles of joint operations
All, but primarily:
-Surprise: The Japanese had no idea the raid was coming
-Economy of Force: utilizing only 16 aircraft to achieve strategic objectives (akin to modern SF)
-Unity of effort: Coordination under Doolittle
- UNIFIED ACTION
to achieve unity of effort
- Doolittle was selected for his reputation of…
-Highly respected aviator and military officer
-Experience in aviation and engineering knowledge
-Leadership, innovation, and ability to inspire
- Meritocracy
Similar to Napoleon’s professional armies. Promotion/selection based on competencies and performance.
- Organizational leader
Doolittle was a superb organizational leader
-Technical expert
-Interpersonal expert
-Conceptual expert
- High EQ
Doolittle was
- self-aware
- self managed
- social skills
ALL CRITICAL IN HIGH STRESS SITUATIONS
- POWER
Doolittle exerted firm and rational power, a combination of personal/soft and positional/hard power. Earned him high commitment20.
- Established trust
Doolittle was an expert communicator. he empowered subordinates to operate through the commander’s intent. Created a positive climate among his crews.
- Moltke
Similar to Moltkes AUFSTAGTAKTIC, an early form of decentralized command.
- Possessed core leader attributes and competencies
Attributes:
- Presence
- Intellect
- Character
Competencies:
- Leads
- Achieves
- Develops
His leadership qualities helped to coordinate and plan at the operational and strategic levels.
- Operational and strategic level planning
WH and military advisors down to the tactical level. Lends itself to the modern strategic policy and guidance.
-NSS to NDS to NMS to CCCP to CONPLAN
- Western way of war
- Reliance on superior technology
- Challenge response dynamics (adaptation)
- Inherently expensive (DEVELOPMENT AND PROCUREMENT)
- Revolution in military affairs (RMA)
- Significant in the evolution of military capabilities and tactics
- Identified that the US had strategic reach through the use of joint capability
- Unprecedented inter-service coordination
- Change in methods, unprecedented mission/concept (INNOVATION)
- SEGWAY TO FORCE MANAGEMENT
This innovation and RMA were likely due to creative force management
- NEED, GAP
- Need- Long-range bombers with adequate payload
- GAP- Limited range and limited payload capacity current bombers
- SOLUTION
SOLUTION:
O- Reorganization of Army/Navy air units to include long-range bombing techniques
M- Development and procurement of new long-range bombers, escorts, and bombing equipment
F- building and upgrading bases in the Pacific to support long-range bombing missions
- Modern JUON (JOINT OPERATIONAL URGENT NEEDS STATEMENT)
Because of the urgent need and imminent risk to life and mission, a material solution would require the urgent operational needs path (JUONS) to be developed and procured in less than two years.
- Result on changes
Expect change to:
- Doctrine
- Training
- New units
- New tools/ CL9 supply chain
- Closing. Why is this relevant today?
Because the raid laid the foundation for the modern strategic bombing, part of the USAF Nuclear triad.
- Tied to US core concepts and mission:
Concept: Global reach
Mission Global strike
ANYWHERE, ANYTIME
