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History > Brezhnev 1965-82 > Flashcards

Brezhnev 1965-82 Flashcards

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0
Q

Kosygins economic reforms:

A

Power to managers to set targets and achieve them, less plan indicators for agriculture, more incentives (encouraging innovation)

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1
Q

1965

A

Kosygins economic reforms agreed

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2
Q

Reasons for failures of kosygin’s reforms

A

Inherent conservatism and competition between them and enterprising managers, outdated technology, heavy reliance on large workforce, bonuses still linked to quantity, military resistance (more consumer goods)

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3
Q

1966

A

Sinyavsky and Daniel arrested

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4
Q

Sinyavsky and Daniel?

A

Dissidents - antisoviet satirical writers. Samizdat. Widespread backlash.

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5
Q

1968

A
  • Prague Spring (Czechoslovakia)

- Brezhnev doctrine

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6
Q

Key points Prague spring

A

Dubcek comes to power, reforms: freedom of the press, trade unions, travel abroad DUE TO tight economic control and censorship. Hard line communist government introduced following uprising

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7
Q

Brezhnev doctrine:

A

Warsaw Pact forces will intervene in any country where communism is threatened (ie. equivalent of Truman doctrine)

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8
Q

Changes to party under Brezhnev

A

CC grew to 470 by 1982, leadership average age increased, massively conservative

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9
Q

Stability of the cadres

A

Privileges ie. shops, medical facilities, dachas

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10
Q

Nomenklatura

A

Essential for promotion, main reason for joining the party

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11
Q

Key economic policies

A

Recentralisation and return to 5YPS. Gradual stagnation due to little incentives, corruption. Consequent black economy

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12
Q

Black economy

A

Worth 7bn roubles pa, 25% GNP

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13
Q

factors covering stagnation of the economy:

A

Escalation of world oil prices 1970’s

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14
Q

Improvements in living conditions:

A

Minimum wage, social benefits (pensions, child benefits, maternity leave, free health care), illiteracy eliminated by 1982, consumption of meat/fish/veg rose by 50%

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15
Q

Living conditions worsened?

A

Still low quality compared to west, alcoholism/divorce high, black economy

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16
Q

1972

A

SALT I - anti ballistic missile treaty

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17
Q

1975

A

Helsinki accords

18
Q

Helsinki accords:

A

1975, 35 countries, human rights, USSR selling oil to west, acknowledging USSR’s control in East Europe

19
Q

1977

A

Brezhnev constitution

20
Q

Key points Brezhnev constitution

A

Republics can secede union, party more important, policy of detente abroad

21
Q

1979

A

Invasion of Afghanistan

22
Q

Consequences of Afghanistan

A

International condemnation, economic pressures, boycott of 1980 Moscow Olympics

23
Q

Dissidence: key people

A

Solzhenitsyn, Sakharov, Daniel and Sinyavsky, religion, Baltic states (constitution), satellite states

24
Q

Dissidence: a problem?

A

YES: more prominent, internationally known, support for each other.
NO: successfully condemned as ungrateful, imprisoned/psychiatric hospitals, deported

25
Q

1980

A

Polish uprising, Moscow Olympics

26
Q

Polish uprising key points

A

1980, rise of the trade union ‘solidarity’ who organised strikes, began to challenge communists for power. Jaruzelski carried out a coup and abolished union (despite widespread support) and then mild reforms introduced

27
Q

1982

A

Death of Brezhnev, Andropov becomes party CC

28
Q

Economic growth:

A

5.6%pa 1965-70 2% 1980/85

29
Q

Black economy…

A

Worth 7bn roubles pa, formed 35% GNP

30
Q

1980 FYP steel:

A

Aimed for 168mt steel, achieved 155

31
Q

Agricultural investment…

A

Increased to 26% by 1980

32
Q

Grain output…

A

…fell from 205mt pa in 1975-80 to 181mt pa 1981-85

33
Q

Agricultural growth in 1981:

A

0.8%

34
Q

CC met…

A

12 times between 1970-85

35
Q

Growth in party membership fell…

A

From 7%pa 1965 to 2% 1973

36
Q

Holidays…

A

Increased from 12 to 15 working days

37
Q

Illiteracy…

A

Almost eliminated by 1982

38
Q

Communal apartments

A

40% under Khrushchev, 15-18% under brezhnev

39
Q

Social stats:

A

10% households had a phone in 1982, meat/fish/veg consumption rose by 50%

40
Q

BAM stands for…

A

Bakail-Amur railway. 3,000 km, 30mil roubles.

41
Q

Environment

A

Aral sea dropped 12 metres, pollution

42
Q

Emigration:

A

Peak year: 51,000 Jews in 1979

History (7 decks)

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