Brewing

Question 1

What is the definition of beer?

Answer 1

Carbonated fermented alcoholic beverage made from barley and flavoured with hops

Question 2

How is fermentation done for brewing?

Answer 2

Batch using monoculture, anaerobic or aerobic

Question 3

What is the yeast used for beers?

Answer 3

Saccharomyces

Question 4

What are the 3 steps of making beer?

Answer 4

Malting and wort production
Fermentation
Finishing and packaging

Question 5

What occurs in the malting and wort production phase?

Answer 5

Conversion of raw materials into fermentable sugars and yeast nutrients
Flavour and colour introduction

Question 6

What occurs in the fermentation stage?

Answer 6

Growth of yeast on wort
Conversion of sugars into ethanol, CO2 and metabolites

Question 7

What occurs in the finishing stage?

Answer 7

Adjustments to colour, flavour and carbonation
Made haze and microbe stable

Question 8

What other materials can be added in beer?

Answer 8

Adjuncts
Roasted malts
Enzymes

Question 9

What is malting?

Answer 9

Production of key enzymes for brewing

Question 10

What does malting do?

Answer 10

Breaks down structure of endosperm to generate colour and flavour

Question 11

What is the malting process?

Answer 11

Storage and drying
Steeping (increase moisture)
Germination (3-5 days)
Kilning (drying)

Question 12

What is the role of kilning?

Answer 12

Stops germination and degradation of starch and protein
Dires grains
Retain enzymes
Generate colour and flavour

Question 13

Why is high temperature important for the kilning process?

Answer 13

Provides roasted malt for better flavour and lower grist

Question 14

What is grist?

Answer 14

Cereals that form starch for brewing

Question 15

What are some adjuncts used in beer?

Answer 15

Wheat, maize, rice and sugar syrups

Question 16

What is the role of liquor (water) in beer manufacture?

Answer 16

Flavour, pH and yeast nutrition

Question 17

How is water altered to gain a desired composition?

Answer 17

Purified and filtered to remove ions then add salt

Question 18

What is the role of hops?

Answer 18

Bitterness, aroma and microbe stability

Question 19

Where are hops found?

Answer 19

Resins and oils in lupin glands

Question 20

When are hops added in the manufacture process?

Answer 20

Late on

Question 21

How does hops provide a unique flavour?

Answer 21

Contains hydrocarbons and sulphur

Question 22

What are the operations for wort production?

Answer 22

Grist preparation
Milling
Mashing
Solid and liquid separation
Boiling
Clarification

Question 23

What is the milling step?

Answer 23

Splitting grain for endosperm accessibility

Question 24

What is the mashing step?

Answer 24

Mixing grist with water and enzymes for fermentation

Question 25

What is the difference between alpha amylase and beta amylase?

Answer 25

Beta produces fermentable sugars and is heat sensitive, alpha is opposite

Question 26

What is the optimum pH for protein solubilisation and enzyme activity in wort production?

Answer 26

5.2-5.4

Question 27

What is the role of boiling wort?

Answer 27

Boils off volatile compounds and develops flavour and colour by Maillard reaction

Question 28

Why is beer bitter?

Answer 28

Alpha acids undergo chemical reaction

Question 29

What is the process of wort clarification?

Answer 29

Proteins are at isoelectric point and become denatured when boiled to form trub

Question 30

How is trub removed?

Answer 30

Wort is spun and eddy currents produced to allow wort to be drawn away at various points

Question 31

What is the final step of wort production?

Answer 31

Oxygen is added for yeast growth