Brewery Engineering Flashcards
What is Avagadro’s number?
1 [mol] = 6.022 x 10^23 [particles]
What is the difference between Absolute Pressure and Gauge Pressure?
Absolute Pressure is relative to 0.
Gauge Pressure is relative to atmospheric pressure.
What is the Ideal Gas Law?
PV = nRT
What is the Ideal Gas Law Constant “R”?
8.314 Pa*m3/mol*K
Can be in several different forms, check units!
What is STP?
Standard Temperature and Pressure
- P = 1 atm or 101325 Pa
- T = 273.15 K or 0°C
What is the standard molar volume of a gas?
Volume of an ideal gas at STP:
1 [mol gas] = 22.41 [L gas]
What is Dalton’s Law?
The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas
Pt = P1 + P2 + P3 + …
What are the 3 classifications of compressed air?
- Wet vs. dry
- Oiled vs. oil-free
- Non-sterile vs sterile
Describe the Carbonation Triangle:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/343/985/844/q_image_thumb.png?1619380872)
Simple method of relating mole fraction, moles, volume, and mass for carbonation
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/343/985/844/a_image_thumb.png?1619380904)
What does a carbonation level of 2.2 volumes mean?
2.2 Liters of CO2 per Liter of Beer
What is Henry’s Law?
The amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of taht gas in equilibrium with that liquid.
P = H * x
Where P = partial pressure of the gas, H = Henry’s Constant, and x = some form of concentration
What 3 conditions are favorable for the solubility of gas into a liquid
- Low temperature
- High pressure
- Fine dispersal
Bernoulli’s Equation accounts for which 3 types of energy?
- Direct pressure
- Kinetic energy
- Potential energy
What is Bernoulli’s Equation?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/343/986/652/a_image_thumb.png?1619387076)
Name 5 different standard valve types
- Ball valve
- Butterfly valve
- Gate valve
- Plug valve
- Globe valve
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/343/986/774/a_image_thumb.png?1619381810)
What are the 4 benefits of usinga Mix-proof double seat valve versus a standard valve?
- Two separate sealing elements to prevent fluid mixing
- Can be used for automated sanitary applications
- Easier and cheaper than using mulitple separate valves
- Leakage detection and cleaning via open separation area between seats
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/343/986/929/a_image_thumb.png?1619385586)
What is viscosity?
Resistance to flow
What is Reynold’s Number?
Used to determine the characteristic of flow
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/343/994/140/a_image_thumb.png?1619387197)
What is the Reynold’s Number limit for laminar flow?
For turbulent flow?
- Re < 2100, then it is laminar flow
- Re > 4000, then it is turbulent flow
What is the maximum velocity for laminar flow?
For turbulent flow?
- For laminar flow, vmax = 2 * vavg
- For turbulent flow, vmax = 1.22 * vavg