Brendan Mason Stuff Flashcards
Studies in which exposure is determined as part of the study design
Experimental Studies
Studies in which exposure is not determined as part of the study design.
Already existing exposures and their consequences are studied
CANNOT PROVE CAUSALITY!
Observational Studies
Number of new cases in a defined population within a specific time period
Incidence
Crude incidence - not standardised
Incidence Rate
Number of new cases within a specific period of time when the periods of observation for each individual are not the same (person years, or person months of exposure)
Incidence Density
Number of new cases in a defined population with the specified period of time being the same for each person
Cumulative Incidence
Number of individuals known to have a disease in a given population during a specified time period
Prevalence
Prevalence at a point of time.
i.e. 5% of a GP practice has Diabetes assuming looking on GP records on June 1st
Point Prevalence
Number of people known to have a disease in a population during a specified time period
Period Prevalence
Proportion of people who have the disease that the test correctly identifies as having it
Sensitivity
Proportion of people who do not have the disease that the test correctly identifies as not having it
Specificity
Declaring there is a significant difference when there is not
False Positive Alpha Type 1 Error
Declaring that there is not a significant difference when there is
False Negative Beta Type II Error
Study that identifies group of people with a disease and compares them to a suitable control group without the disease
Case-Control Study
Study that starts with the identification of people who are exposed to the risk of interest and to those who are not exposed
Cohort Study
