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Breeds Flashcards

1
Q

Range flock

A

Western US starting at Texas, low input, self sufficient, tough

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2
Q

Farm flock

A

Small acreage, productive breeds fed at high levels, harvested feed and managed more intensely

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3
Q

Show lamb

A

Raised in farm flock conditions and repro is less important

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4
Q

Fine wool breeds

A

Base breed in US, typically range flocks

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5
Q

Medium wool breeds

A

Crossbreed of fine and long wool

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6
Q

Long wool breeds

A

Small in numbers, limited impact

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7
Q

Meat breeds

A

Big group, grow fast, get big, mostly black faces

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8
Q

Hair sheep breeds

A

Tropically adapted, heat and parasite resistant, shed wool

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9
Q

Dairy breeds

A

Least important in US milking

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10
Q

Tell me about fine wool

A

62+ spinning count, white wool only, dyeable, ewes shear 10-15 lbs a year with 50% clean fiber yield, moderate size 125-130 lbs.
Advantages: adaptable, white wool, high quality and quantity, good foragers, gregarious (social), longevity, out of season breeding
Disadvantages: slow growth rate, light muscles, more fat, wool blindness and body wrinkles, don’t do well in rain, lower lambing percentage, size disadvantage in lambs, horns too close to head

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11
Q

What are the fine wool breeds

A

Merino (Delaine), Rambouillet, and Debouillet

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12
Q

Tell me about long wools

A

All from Great Britain, staple length about 8-12 inches annually, range from big to little, all polled (no horns), all white
Advantages: size, crossbreeding, long staple, heavy fleece, good milkers
Disadvantages: coarse wool, low price per pound, light muscles, more fat

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13
Q

What are the long wool breeds

A

Lincoln, Cotswold, Leicester, and Romney

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14
Q

Tell me about medium wools

A

Crossbreed of fine wool x long wool, white with open face, improves length and weight of fine wool, all polled (no horns)
Advantages: large, heavy fleeces, good under range conditions
Disadvantages: too big for some environments, low quality carcass

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15
Q

What are the medium wool breeds

A

Columbia, Corriedale, Targhee, and Panama

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16
Q

Tell me about meat breeds

A

Grow fast, large slaughter weight, muscular, hard to manage, mostly from Great Britain
Advantages: good carcass, size, prolific, milking ability, convert at higher rate
Disadvantages: most are black fiber, little flocking instinct, wool blindness, lambing problems (heavy lambs), wool is a liability

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17
Q

What are the meat breeds

A

Suffolk/Hampshire, Shropshire, Dorset, Oxford, Southdown, Cheviot, Montadale, Texel, Finnsheep, Polypay, Booroola Merino, and Romanov

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18
Q

Tell me about hair sheep

A

Parasite resistant, heat tolerant, shed hair, leather, increasing popularity

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19
Q

What are the hair sheep breeds

A

Barbados blackbelly, Mouflon, St. Croix, Katahdin, Pelibuey, Texas Dahl, Dorper, Persian blackhead, white dorper, and Dorpcroix/royal white

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20
Q

Tell me about dairy sheep

A

Lowest population in US, milk and repro purposes, out of season breeding, multiple births, good disposition, year-round milk production, usually used for cheese: Roquefort (France), Feta (Greece), Ricotta and pecorino (Italy), and manchega (Spain)

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21
Q

What are the dairy sheep breeds

A

East friesian (best), Dorset friesian, finn friesian

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22
Q

Tell me about fat rumped and fat tail sheep

A

Contain lots of fat in their rump and tail, used for meat and milk, live in extreme environments

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23
Q

Merino (delaine)

A

Most prevalent wool sheep from Spain, finest wool, small with wrinkles, horned or polled, not many in US

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24
Q

Rambouillet

A

French, most popular in Texas and southwest, based on merino, large and fast growing, better suited for the US, horned or polled

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25
Debouillet
New Mexico, Rambouillet x merino, based on size and staple length
26
Lincoln
Largest breed, shear heavy fleeces 12-25 lbs, 12 inch staple
27
Cotswold
Small, coarse fleece, colorful, best for hand spinners, least impact
28
Leicester
Unimportant to US, hand spinning, Europe crossbred
29
Romney
Shorter wool but finer, closer to find wool in length and grade, resistant to foot rot, open fleece, work well in high rainfall areas
30
Columbia
Lincoln rams x Rambouillet ewes, most used in US, established in Wyoming, shear fleeces 5-7 inches and 15 lbs, value in wool, too big for Texas and New Mexico
31
Corriedale
Lincoln rams x merino ewes, smaller than Columbia with better wool, New Zealand, black hooves and nose, polled
32
Targhee
Rambouillet rams x Columbia ewes, Idaho, useful range sheep, fine wool
33
Panama
Rambouillet rams x Lincoln ewes, highly adaptable in range conditions, fairly useful, small numbers
34
Suffolk/Hampshire
most valuable meat breed, big, fast growing, black face, first and second in registrations, crossbreedable, has high rates of scrapie and spider lamb syndrome
35
Shropshire
More face cover, black face, wool blindness, heavy fleeces, similar to hampshire
36
Dorset
White meat breed, breed year round, both sexes can be horned or polled, reproductive advantage, popular, milk well
37
Southdown
Oldest of english breeds, small, reproduction is good, grow quickly early, high quality carcasses, too small for US
38
Cheviot
Old breed from scotland, small erect ears, hardy and small, tough and durable
39
Montadale
Dual purpose, popular in Midwest, developed in US
40
Texel
Muscular breed, small
41
Finnsheep
Prolific, good milkers, light muscles, slow growth, low wool quality, small, frail, from finland
42
Polypay
rambouillet x dorset x finn x targhee, true composite sheep, white and polled, wool has value
43
booroola merino
traces back to one ewe, single gene effect: F-Gene
44
Romanov
Russia, dark colored, wool has no value, very prolific, excellent lamb survival
45
Barbados blackbelly
Polled, tough, best if crossbred
46
St. Croix
True shedding hair sheep, good mothers, prolific, will breed while lactating, more than one lamb crop per year
47
Katahdin
Composite, good hair sheep, selected for shedding, all colors
48
Pelibuey
Most important in Mexico and South America, larger and more productive than barbados, all colors
49
Texas Dahl
White barbados, horned, developed in texas
50
Dorper
South African, not a true hair sheep but sheds, black face, short, stout, muscular, not parasite resistant
51
Dorpcroix aka royal white
dorper x st. croix, best cross, good muscle, improved carcass, hybrid vigor
52
53
Top five wool producing nations
Australia, New Zealand, China, Argentina, Iran
54
Top producing states
Texas, California, Colorado, Utah
55
How is wool markets
Wool warehouses, wool pools, direct marketing
56
Processing of wool steps
shearing, scouring (washing), carding (detangling+separating), combing (arrange fibers in parallel)
57
Four important wool characteristics
weight, yield, staple length, average fiber diamater
58
what is yield
percentage of clean wool fibers present in a grease sample, directly related to fiber diameter: finer= low yield, coarse = high yield
59
What is average fiber diameter
determines overall quality and value, coarser wool is cheaper. Three major grading systems: *American blood system- derived from fine wool merino and rambouillet breed, fine (64s+), 1/2 blood (60-62s), 3/8 blood (56-58s), 1/4 blood (46s-54s), common and braid (<44s) *Spinning count- number of "hanks" of yarn each 560 yards long that can be spun from one pound of wool, example: a 64's spinning count will yield 35,840 yards (64x560) *Micron diameter system- Newest and most accurate, micron is 1/25,400 of an inch
60
what is average staple length
*Length of wool fibers determine which system may be used to spin the fibers into yarn. *Three categorized wool classes: staple, french combing, clothing. *Tender wool and breaks- greatest contributing factor to waste, associated with environment, nutrition, and disease, break= staples that pull apart very easily in a specific position
61
What is character
Very subjective measurement, distinguished by color (whiteness and brightness), crimp (correlated with fiber diameter), and condition (soft or harsh)
62
What is kemp
hollow white fibers that can't be dyed
63
What is uniformity
defines the variation in grade and length within a fleece. There is variation in different areas: shoulder- longer and finer than average side/back- long and average fineness Britch- longer and coarser than average Belly- short and fine Excessive belly wool causes fleeces to be highly variable and is discouraged
64
what are commercial operations
various sizes, utilize crossbreeding and purebreds, sell strictly on performance
65
what are seedstock operations
utilize purebred animals, can be registered, sell on performance and genetics
66
what are club lamb operations
niche market, primarily for 4H and FFA sales

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