Breeding Mgmt Dogs/Cats

Question 1

3 risks related to breeding a young dog

Answer 1

1. SIPS (subinvolution of the placental sites)
2. Single-puppy syndrome
3. too young to have completed breed specific testing

Question 2

what stage of the cycle is best for breeding

Answer 2

estrus

Question 3

are dogs spontaneous or induced ovulators?

Answer 3

spontaneous

Question 4

are cats spontaneous or induced ovulators?

Answer 4

induced! (but 35-87% are spontaneous too)

Question 5

how long between the LH surge and actually ovulation in the dog?

Answer 5

approximately 2 days

Question 6

How long is proestrus, estrus, diestrus, and anestrus in the dog?

Answer 6

Proestrus = 0-27 days
Estrus = 4-24 days
Diestrus = 60 days
Anestrus = 2-10 months

Question 7

infectious disease testing prior to breeding (2)

Answer 7

Brucellosis (B. canis) and Canine Herpesvirus

Question 8

Best way to predict optimum breeding time?

Answer 8

determine DAY OF OVULATION

Question 9

Most common cause of subfertility in the bitch?

Answer 9

mating/AI at the wrong time

Question 10

Days to/from LH peak for Fertile Period

Answer 10

-3 to +10

Question 11

Days to/from LH peak for Peak Fertility for Natural Mating or Fresh semen vs. Days when you should breed?

Answer 11

Fertile from 0 to +5, Breed at 0 to +4

Question 12

Days to/from LH peak for Peak Fertility for frozen or thawed semen vs. Days when you should breed?

Answer 12

Fertile from +5 to +6, BREED at +2 to +4

Question 13

Days to/from LH peak of Sperm Survival

Answer 13

+7

Question 14

Days to/from LH peak of Oocyte Viability

Answer 14

+6 to +10

Question 15

How many days for oocyte to mature after ovulation?

Answer 15

+2

Question 16

Proestrus signs in dogs

Answer 16

edema in vulva, serosanguinous discharge, males interest, female NOT receptive

Question 17

Estrus signs in dogs

Answer 17

soft/shrinky vulva, lighter discharge, female IS receptive

Question 18

3 Reflexes for Receptivity in the Bitch

Answer 18

vulvar winking
tail flagging
ipsilateral limb flexion

Question 19

5 Ways to Predict Optimal Breeding Time

Answer 19

1. Estrogen conc
2. LH surge
3. Progesterone conc
4. Exfoliative Vaginal Cytology
5. Endoscopic Vaginal Examination

Question 20

crenulation

Answer 20

the angulation of the vaginal folds during estrus

Question 21

4 Main Cell Types

Answer 21

Question 22

cell type during anestrus

Answer 22

parabasal cells

Question 23

cell type during proestrus

Answer 23

nucleated intermediate cells

Question 24

cell type during estrus

Answer 24

anuclear cells

Question 25

cell type during diestrus

Answer 25

superficial cells

Question 26

the cell types that are cornified and large, irregular

Answer 26

anuclear (squame) and superficial

Question 27

the cell types that are non-cornified and smaller, round

Answer 27

parabasal and intermediate

Question 28

which cell has more cytoplasm - parabasal or intermediate?

Answer 28

intermediate

Question 29

fertile period coincides with ____% of cells being anuclear?

Answer 29

> 75% (but can vary)

Question 30

> 50% parabasal and intermediate cells on vaginal cytology indicates the bitch is at what phase of her cycle?

Answer 30

early days of diestrus (pretty accurate)

Question 31

which two optimal breeding time tests are the best

Answer 31

vaginal cytology and progesterone concentrations should be used together

Question 32

optimal breeding time determination when using endoscopy?

Answer 32

about four days after the start of mucosal shrinkage, or at the onset of crenulation | so ideally the end of the angulated phase/start of declining phase

Question 33

2 ways to induce estrus in the dog

Answer 33

dopamine agonists* GnRH agonists

Question 34

what cells are these and what stage of the cycle are they seen in

Answer 34

Question 35

why is the LH surge not good for monitoring

Answer 35

it only lasts ~24hrs so you would have to sample every day and that's just not feasible

Question 36

why is estrogen surge not good for monitoring

Answer 36

E2 drops too far ahead of ovulation to predict with any accuracy

Question 37

Breeding dose in the dog?

Answer 37

Question 38

54Ways to AI a Dog

Answer 38

vaginal insemination transcervical (Norwegian catheter) transcervical (endoscopic) intrauterine (laparotomy)

Question 39

which AI method can only be done with fresh semen

Answer 39

vaginal insemination

Question 40

what AI method uses only frozen semen

Answer 40

intrauterine (laparotomy) | note: illegal in some countries!

Question 41

are cats long day or short day breeders

Answer 41

long day | seasonally polyestrus; can be even longer near the equator

Question 42

do cats always go through proestrus

Answer 42

no! (can be 0-2 days)

Question 43

explain diestrus in the cat and why it's weird

Answer 43

diestrus varies in length based on whether or not there was a successful mating; they can spontaneously ovulate during this period too pregnant = 60 days not pregnant = 40 days

Question 44

how many times does a cat mate to induce ovulation in 100% of queens?

Answer 44

4 | you will only get ovulation in 50% with 1 mating

Question 45

3 ways to monitor cat breeding time

Answer 45

behavior ** vaginal cytology transabdominal u/s | vaginal cytology is different and not as accurate as in the dog

Question 46

# Explain: Cat Estrous Cycle

Answer 46

Question 47

the most sensitive and earliest indicator of follicular activity and proestrus in cats? | occurs in 1/3 of queens

Answer 47

clearing | what is this? good question

Question 48

who has a LONGER breeding season - long-haired or short-haired cats?

Answer 48

short haired

Question 48

# definition polytocous

Answer 48

litter-bearing

Question 48

what phase of the estrous cycle is shown in these two endoscopic images of the vagina

Answer 48

Left = Proestrus (edematous) Right = Estrus (crenulated)