Breathing Patterns

Question 1

Eupnea

Answer 1

Natural and unlabored breathing

Question 2

Apneustic

Answer 2

Deep irregular inspiration, inspiratory pause followed by inadequate expiration
Indicates pon involvement, stroke or trauma

Question 3

Kussmal

Answer 3

Deep + rapid

Question 4

The phrenic nerve

Answer 4

Innervates the diaphragm

Question 5

Intercostal nerves

Answer 5

Innervate the external intercostal muscles between the ribs

Question 6

Hering-Breuer reflex

Answer 6

As the chest expands the mechanical stretch receptors in the chest wall and bronchioles send signal to the apneustic Center via vagus nerve to inhibit inspiration and expiration occurs.

Question 7

Apneustic Center

Answer 7

Influences the respiratory rate by increasing the number of inspirations per minute and is countered by the pneumotaxic centre

Question 8

Chemoreceptors

Answer 8

Monitor levels of o2, CO2 and pH of CSF

Question 9

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 9

Monitor carbon dioxide content in arterial blood and are located in the carotid bodies of the aortic arch

Question 10

Link between peripheral chemoreceptors and respiratory centres

Answer 10

Glossopharyngeal (9) and vagus (10) cranial nerves

Question 11

Central chemoreceptors

Answer 11

Monitor pH of the CSF located in the medulla

Question 12

Central chemoreceptors response

Answer 12

Increase in acidity causes increased rate and depth of respiration
Very sensitive to small pH changes and provide fine tuning for body’s acid/base system

Question 13

Cheyne-stokes respirations

Answer 13

Gradually increasing rate and depth followed by gradual decreasing rate and depth, may have periods of apnea.
Associated with brain stem insult.

Question 14

Biot respirations

Answer 14

Irregular pattern, rate and depth with intermittent periods of apnea.
Results from increased intracranial pressure.