Breathing Assessment Flashcards
Three assessments with breathing
1) Respiratory rate and pattern
2) Where it does the braving take place:
Apical-mvt of upper chest
Diaphragmatic
Lateral costal- side to side mvt of ribs when inhale
3) Inspiration to expiration ratio
Seven signs of an increased work of breathing (WOB)
Accessory muscle contraction
Recession (Soft tissue drawn in words during inspiration)
Alar flaring
Increase abdominal effort during expiration
Prolonged expiration
Pursed lips during breathing
Paradoxical breathing
5 signs of increased WOB in children
High respiratory rate: more that 70 bpm in infant and more than 40 bpm in older children Recession Alar flaring Head bobbing (accessory muscle used) Grunting
Name 2 types of cyanosis (blue discolouration)when observing
1) central cyanosis:
Blue colour of mouth/ lips / tongue
Indicate gaseous exchange problem
2) peripheral cyanosis:
Blue colour of finger/toes/ ears
Circulation problem
Two types of periphery problems
1) Clubbing
Loss of angle between the nail and nail bed
Can indicate chronic lung disease
2) Swelling
Associated with heart failure
Another way children do pursed lips and explain what happens
PEP: Positive expiratory pressure
When the baby breathes out they breathe out via a semiclosed glottis which provides resistance and we call it grunting
Two types of chest deformities
1) pectus excavatum
Inward
2) pectus carinatum
Sternum outward
Two things to look for when assessing in cough
1) Productive?
Productive = wet
Unproductive = dry
2) Effective
Is phlegm gets out/ strong cough
What is paradoxical breathing
Chest wall goes in when inspiration
and chest walls goes out on expiration
= resp distress
What do you assess or observe with how High work of breathing (5)
Paradoxical breathing colour chest peripheries cough
Describe a normal cough
It is a protective reflex
- Irritates
- Deep inspiration
- Closure of the glottis
- Forced expiration against glottis
- Open glottis so that I can get out
