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4) Breathing Apparatus > Breathing Apparatus > Flashcards

Breathing Apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the respiratory system

A

To provide oxygen to the blood haemoglobin which is then pumped throughout the body by the heart.

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2
Q

Where does the transfer of gases happen in the respiratory system

A

Oxygen diffuses in through the alveoli (tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries) and into the blood haemoglobin on inhale. A similar process diffuses carbon dioxide out of the blood into the lungs to be exhaled.

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3
Q

Symptoms of hyperventilation

A

Numbness
Tingling of the hand, face and feet
May feel dizzy, giddy or faint

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4
Q

Composition of air (before and after) inhalation

A 
Before                             
Nitrogen - 78.09% 
Oxygen - 20.95%
Carbon Dioxide - 0.04% 
Other gases - 0.92%    
After
Nitrogen - 78.09%
Oxygen - 16.95%
Carbon Dioxide - 4.03%
Other gases - 0.92%
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5
Q

What are the 4 irrespirable atmospheres

A 
TOES
Toxic Gases and fumes
Oxygen deficiency
Elevated temperature
Smoke
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6
Q

What creates oxygen deficiency

A

Oxygen can be displaced by other gases such as carbon monoxide.
Oxygen can be consumed by combustion.

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7
Q

At 1.28% Carbon monoxide in air how quickly can it cause death

A

Immediately or 1-3 minutes

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8
Q

Is carbon monoxide deadly in smaller concentrations

A

Yes - A smaller concentration is equally a fatal if breathed for a longer period.

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9
Q

How much more readily does carbon monoxide combine with the haemoglobin than oxygen

A

Around 200 times more readily.

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10
Q

Effects of excess carbon dioxide

A 
Increased breathing
Vomiting
Dizziness
Disorientation
Headache
Difficulty breathing
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11
Q

What temperature and above should not be entered without BA

A

50 degrees and above will start causing damage and could result in death.

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12
Q

Why does smoke occur and what is it

A

Rarely will perfect combustion occur in the burning process this unconsumed material escapes in the form of smoke. Consists of small particles of solid or liquid matter, principally soot, carbon and liquid hydro carbons.

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13
Q

When does heat exhaustion occur and what comes after

A

Occurs when the body’s core temperature rises and there is a fluid loss of 5% and above due to perspiration.
If this is not acted upon a more serious state known as heat stoke may occur.

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14
Q

Symptoms of heat exhaustion

A 
Dizziness
Lethargy (lack of energy)
Nausea (feeling sick)
Abdominal discomfort
Burning sensation of the skin
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15
Q

Symptoms of heat stroke

A

Cyanosis (skin going blue)
Speech and walking difficulties
Collapse
Unconsciousness

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16
Q

How to prevent heat exhaustion and heat stoke

A

The body’s fluid level must be maintained through frequent intake of water.

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17
Q

What’s the function of BA

A

Is to enable to wearer to work in an atmosphere that would not otherwise support life.

18
Q

What BA system does ACTF&R use

A

Open circuit demand and positive pressure breathing apparatus.
Meaning air is supplied by a cylinder and exhaled breath is passes to the atmosphere.

19
Q

What is the nominal effective life of a BA work set and Escape set

A

Work set have a nominal effective life of exceeding 15mins.

Escape sets have a nominal effective life of less than 15mins.

20
Q

Define each type of cylinder duration

A

Full duration - is the time taken for a full cylinder to fall to 1mPa at a rate of 40L/pm.
Working duration - is the time taken from full to when the warning whistle sounds.
Safety margin - is the time taken from when the warning whistle sounds to 1mPa.

21
Q

How is full duration of a cylinder calculated

A

Water capacity X pressure in bars X Compression factor = volume
Volume Divided by 40 L/pm will give full duration.
Full duration - 10mins will give working time.

22
Q

When will the warning whistle sound

A

Will sound at 55bar + or - 5 bar.

Which means you have 8 - 10 minutes.

23
Q

What do you do if you partners warning whistle sounds

A

Both exit immediately together.

24
Q

Components of a BA work set

A 
Harness and back plate
Demand Valve
Pressure reducer
Warning whistle and pressure gauge
Band and clamp
Rescue second mask CEJN
Cylinder
Mask
Cylinder connection point
25
Q

Components of the facemask

A 
Harness and neck strap
Inner mask
Speech diaphragm
Chin cup
Demand valve connection point
Visor
One way valve
26
Q

Purpose of the Inner mask

A

To reduce C02 dead space.

To reduce misting of the visor.

27
Q

If the warning whistle and pressure gauge was damaged what the maximum amount of leakage

A

25L/pm

28
Q

Air capacity of a ACTF&R pro-pak cylinder

A

6.8L water capacity x 300 bar x compression ratio of .911 = 1860L

29
Q

Markings found in the window on a cylinder

A 
Manufacturers mark
Specification number
Original tare mass
Serial number
Water capacity
Test pressure
Date of original test
Fill pressure
Approved number
Test date mark
30
Q

What does the coloured ring around the neck of a cylinder mean and how often should they be tested

A

Cylinder testing year.

Every 5 years.

31
Q

Should the cylinder and work set be pressurised when cleaning wiping down

A

Yes - to stop contaminants from entering the system.

32
Q

When will the DSU go into pre-alarm and alarm mode

A

18-23 seconds.

30-35 seconds.

33
Q

DSU display meanings

A

Yellow wig wag - On
Red intermittent pulsing - Pre-alarm
Red constant rapid flashing - Alarm mode

34
Q

When twinning cylinders both should be turned on for testing

A

False - Should be tested one at at time. When using turn both on and they will equalise.

35
Q

What is the entrapment procedure

A 
Radio to entry control officer.
Sound DSU.
Remain calm to conserve air.
Saturate the vicinity.
Move to safest possible area.
36
Q

What equipment is needed for BA control

A

BA control board
Tally tag
Timers

37
Q

When is each type of BA control used

A

Stage 1 - max of 4 BA wearers.
Stage 2 - max of 12 BA wearers.
Main control - when 2 stage 2 boards are in use.

38
Q

ECO responsibilities

A

Monitor wearers on BA, time on air and location.
Maintain support resources for BA wearers.
Set up evacuation siren.
Have two wearers rigged in BA for emergency’s and to carry out tasks.
Report regularly to BACO.
If team cannot be located notify BACO and incident command and a full scale search commenced.

39
Q

What is the purpose of Chemical protective clothing

A

To protect the wearers skin from liquid, solid or gas substances.

40
Q

What do you do if your gas suit is punctured

A

Radio to incident command and evacuate to decontamination zone.

41
Q

21 steps of the daily check procedure

A

1) Check that the set is complete, clean and in good condition.
2) Remove facemask from bag and attach to demand valve.
3) Fully slacken waist belt, shoulder and facemask straps ready for use.
4) Press first breath mechanism and ensure bypass knob is closed.
5) Open the main cylinder valve fully and allow 10 seconds to pressurise.
6) Check the cylinder contains at least 260bar and listen for leaks.
7) Close cylinder and monitor gauge for 1 min. If it drops more than 10bar this is unacceptable.
8) On duo sets, vent with bypass knob and repeat with second cylinder.
9) If system fails, vent air check connections and repeat leak test.
10) Open cylinder valve.
11) Fit face mask, tighten bottom, middle, top.
12) Inhale deeply and check first breath mechanism operates.
13) Hold breath for 10 seconds and listen for leaks. Re adjust to fix leaks.
14) When satisfied hold breath press DV reset and remove mask.
15) Close the cylinder valve.
16) Open bypass and watch gauge ensure low pressure whistle operates between 50-60 bar.
17) Turn off bypass.
18) Replace facemask cover of mask.
19) Test DSU. (replace if faulty)
20) Ensure BA is correctly secured in bracket.
21) Attach tally tag to DSU key.

42
Q

BA safe working practises

A

Always work with a minimum of 2 firefighters.
BA must be worn when there is any doubt of quality and safety of working environment.
BA not to be used underwater.
Firefighter to ensure they have sufficient air before use. Minimum 260bar for work sets and minimum 200bar for escape sets.
Always carry out pre operational checks.
When on BA, BA control must be used.
Always don in fresh air.
Always wear a helmet.
Check pressure gauge frequently.
make mental note of route taken to assist exit.
Allow time to get out.
When supplying air to auxiliary mask wear time is halved.
Remain in verbal contact. Physical contact advised in limited visibility.
When one whistle sounds both members leave.
Upon hearing DSU report to BA control and go to signal to assist.
Never remove BA in toxic atmosphere.

4) Breathing Apparatus (1 decks)

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