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BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES > BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES > Flashcards

BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES Flashcards

1
Q

the process of exchange of CO2 and O2 is collectively known as

A

BREATHING OR EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

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2
Q

the process of oxidation of glucose in cells to produce energy is known as

A

RESPIRATION

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3
Q

which type of process is breathing– ACTIVE OR PASSIVE

A

ACTIVE (remember it involves contraction and relaxation of muscles which require energy)

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4
Q

mode of breathing in sponges,coelentrates and flatworms is

A

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

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5
Q

earthworm breathes through

A

MOIST CUTICLE

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6
Q

insects breath through

A

TRACHEAL TUBES

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7
Q

aquatic arthropods and molluscs breath through

A

GILLS

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8
Q

terrestrials forms of life breath through vascularised bags known as

A

LUNGS

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9
Q

amphibians,mammals reptiles and birds breathe through

A

LUNGS

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10
Q

which amphibian can breathe both through moist skin when in water and lungs when on land

A

FROG

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11
Q

which portion of pharynx is a common passage for food and air

A

OROPHARYNX

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12
Q

sound box in humans is

A

LARYNX

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13
Q

the opening of the larynx

A

GLOTTIS

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14
Q

the glottis is covered by a cartilaginous flap known as

A

EPIGLOTTIS

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15
Q

at which thoraic vertebra the trachea divides into bronchi

A

FIFTH THORAIC VETERBRA (5 TH)

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16
Q

what are the significance of semi circular rings of cartilage present in trachea

A

IT PREVENTS THE AIR PASSAGE FROM COLLAPSING

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17
Q

the bronchioles divide into thin, irregular walled like vascular bags known as

A

ALVEOLI

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18
Q

lungs are covered by membrane

A

PLEURAL

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19
Q

the outer layer of pleural membrane in contact with thoracic lining

A

PARIETAL PLEURAE

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20
Q

the inner layer of pleural membrane in contact with the lung surface

A

VISCERAL PLEURAE

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21
Q

mention fluid present in pleural membrane and mention its function

A

PLEURAL FLUID AND IT REDUCES FRICTION ON LUNG SURFACE

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22
Q

the space between 2 lungs where the heart is present is known as

A

MEDIASTINUM

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23
Q

how many lobes are present in right lung

A

3 LOBES(SUPERIOR LOBE,MIDDLE LOBE,INFERIOR LOBE)

24
Q

how many lobes are present in left lung

A

2 LOBES

25
Q

how many fissures does right lung has

A

2 FISSURES (1 HORIZONTAL AND 1 OBLIQUE)

26
Q

how many fissure does left lung has

A

1 OBLIQUE FISSURE

27
Q

excess of pleural fluid causes which disease

A

PLEURAL EFFUSION DISEASE(PED)

28
Q

in which of the lungs a cardiac notch(concavity)

A

LEFT LUNG

29
Q

which part of the respiratory system starts from external nostrils and ends to terminal bronchioles

A

CONDUCTING PART

30
Q

which part of respiratory system is formed by alveoli and its duct

A

RESPIRATORY OR EXCHANGE PART

31
Q

what is the significance of conducting part

A

PROTECTS FROM FOREIGN PARTICLES, HUMIDIFIES AIR,AND BRINGS AIR TO NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE

32
Q

in which part of respiratory system actual exchange of gases take place

A

EXCHANGE OR RESPIRATORY PART

33
Q

the parts of thoracic cavity include

A

VERTERBRAL COLUMN(DORSAL) , STERNUM(VENTRALLY),RIBS(LATERALLY),DIAPHRAGM(AT THE BOTTOM)

34
Q

The thin skeletal muscle that sits at the base of the chest and separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity.

A

DIAPHRAGM

35
Q

thoracic cavity is protected by

A

RIB CAGE AND STERNUM

36
Q

how many alveoli are present in our lungs

A

ABOUT 600 MILLION(300 MILLION PER LUNG)

37
Q

two major processes of breathing include

A

INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION

38
Q

neccessary condition for inspiration to take place is

A

INTRA PULMONARY PRESSURE SHOULD BE LESS THAN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE (THERE IS A NEGATIVE PRESSURE IN LUNGS)

39
Q

which muscles are present between the ribs

A

INTERCOASTAL MUSCLES

40
Q

which muscles provides us with the ability to increase the strength of expiration and inspiration in our body

A

ABDOMINAL MUSCLES

41
Q

how many times a healthy human breathes in per minute

A

12-16 TIMES

42
Q

which instrument is used to measure volume of air involved in breathing movements

A

SPIROMETER

43
Q

what is the volume of air inspired or expired during normal respiration

A

TIDAL VOLUME(500 ML APPROX)

44
Q

how much volume of air per minute a healthy human takes per minute

A

6000-8000 ml

45
Q

additional volume of air a person can inspire by forceful inspiration.

A

INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (ABOUT 2500-3000ML)

46
Q

additional volume of air a person can expire by forceful expiration.

A

EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (ABOUT 1000-1100ML)

47
Q

volume of air remaining in lungs even after a forcible expiration

A

RESIDUAL VOLUME(1100-1200ML)

48
Q

total volume of air a person can inspire after forceful expiration

A

INSPIRATORY CAPACITY(TV +IRV)

49
Q

total volume of air a person can expire after forceful inspiration

A

EXPIRATORY CAPACITY(TV+ERV)

50
Q

maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forceful expiration.

A

VITAL CAPACITY(TV+IRV+ERV)

51
Q

total volume of air accommodated in lung at the end of forced inspiration.

A

TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY(RV+ ERV+ TV+ IRV or VITAL CAPACITY +RESIDUAL VOLUME.)

52
Q

volume of air that will remain in lungs after normal expiration

A

FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY(ERV+RV)

53
Q

which of the lung capacities cannot be measured by spirometer

A

RESIDUAL VOLUME,FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY AND TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY (ALL OF THESE HAVE RESIDUAL VOLUME WHICH NEVER COMES OUT OF LUNGS SO CANT BE MEASURED)

54
Q

The primary sites for exchange of gases

A

ALVEOLI

55
Q

The factors that affect rate of diffusion are

A

(i) Thinness of the membrane.
(ii) Surface area of the membrane.
(iii) Permeability of the membrane.
(iv) Solubility of the gases.

56
Q

pressure exerted by a gas in a mixture of gases

A

PARTIAL PRESSURE

BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES (1 decks)

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