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NEET Zoology > Breathing And Exchange Of Gases > Flashcards

Breathing And Exchange Of Gases Flashcards

1
Q

Trachea divides at the mid thoracic cavity at the level of ?

A

5th thoracic vertebra

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2
Q

The outer pleural membrane is in close contact with the?

A

→ Thoracic cavity

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3
Q

sponges and Chidarians respire by

A

→ simple diffusion

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4
Q

Annelids (Earthworms) respire by

A

→ moist cuticle

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5
Q

Bronchial Respiration means=

A

→ by gills

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6
Q

cutaneous respiration means =

A

→ By skin

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7
Q

pulmonary respiration means

A

→ By lungs

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8
Q

Reptiles, Birds, Mammals respire by ?

A

Pulmonary respiration

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9
Q

Respiratory Passage track

A

→ Nostrils → Nasal passage → Nasal chamber → Internal Nostrils → pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli

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10
Q

Nasal chamber has which type of tissue

A

→ PSCCGE ( Pseudostratified ciliated columnar glandular epithelium

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11
Q

filtration of duct, no midifaction the dry air , warming cold air is the function of ?

A

→ Nasal chamber

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12
Q

what guards the Internal nostrile

A

→ Uvula

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13
Q

common path for both food and air.

A

→ pharynx

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14
Q

which is the sound box

A

→ Larynx

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15
Q

shorter thinner and high pitched vocal cords all present
in

A

→ female and children

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16
Q

Alveoli is made up of which kind of tissue

A

→ simple squaremous epithelium so the diffusion of air can happen easily.

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17
Q

About how many alveoli are present in both lungs

A

→ about 300 million

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18
Q

which hormone does Alveoli secret and why

A

→ secretes - “ Lecithin”
which lowers the surface tension of alveolar fluid so that alveoli doesn’t collapse

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19
Q

conducting Part location and 4 Functions

A

→ Nostails up to terminal bronchioles
→ conduct air to Alveoli
→ sterilization i filtelation of dust
→ warming to body temp
→ Humidification of air

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20
Q

Thoracic cavity positions Dorsal, ventral, lateral, Lower side

A

→ Dorsal- vertebral column
→ ventral - sternum
→ lateral- Ribs
→ lower side-Diaphram

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21
Q

change in thoracic volume will
thchange in thoracic volume will

A

→ any change in thoracic valveme will reflect in lungs.
there is no other way to alle the pulmonary volume

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22
Q

Breathing is also called

A

→ pulmonary ventilation

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23
Q

change in pressure gradient is due to?

A

→ change in thoracic volume which changes due to muscle movement.

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24
Q

When atmospheric air moves to alveoli

A

→ Inspiration

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25
Q

when air moves out of the lungs

A

→ Expiration

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26
Q

Breathing movements is due to the ?

A

→ muscle movement

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27
Q

the thomacic volume and Intrapulmonary volume increase in atmospheric pressure during

A

→ Inspiration

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28
Q

the thomacic volume and Intrapulmonary volume decrease in atmospheric pressure during

A

→ Expiration

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29
Q

What are the two Inspiratory muscles

A

→ External intercostal muscle, Diaphragm Muscle

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30
Q

What are the two Expiratory muscles

A

→ Internal intercostal muscle

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31
Q

Intercostal muscles are present between

A

→ successive Ribs

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32
Q

Inspiration is an active or passive process

A

→ Active process ( when muscle contracts,ATP energy required)

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33
Q

Expiration is an active or passive process

A

→ Passive process

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34
Q

What is the role of diaphragm during Breathing

A

→ By contraction the diaphragm becomes flat so ANTERIO POSTERIOR increase in the thoracic volume.

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35
Q

What happens when the external intercostal muscle contract

A

⇒ They contract doing Inspiration, sternum and Ribs lift up so the Dorso- Ventral increases in the thoracic volume

36
Q

What happens when the Intra pulmonary volume increases.

A

⇒Intra pulmonary volume increases during Inspiration. Intra pulmonary pressure decreases so the atmospheric air comes to alveoli

37
Q

Elastic recoiling of lungs happen during

A

⇒ Expiration

38
Q

What happens when the Intra pulmonary volume decreases

A

⇒ The Intra pulmonary pressure increases so the air in the lungs is expired out.

39
Q

what is abdominal breathing

A

⇒ Normal / quite Breathing

40
Q

which muscle plays 75%role during Normal / quite Breathing

A

⇒ Diaphragm

41
Q

During forced Breathing Inspiration and expiration.
Are active or passive process

A

⇒ Inspiration is always active While forced expirition is also an active process

42
Q

Contraction of Expiratory muscles is in

A

⇒ forced Expiration

43
Q

Pulmonary volume and capacities are measured using?

A

Spirometer

44
Q

which volume in the lungs can’t be measured

A

Residual volume

45
Q

Air inspired and expired in normal Breathing

A

Tidal volume

46
Q

Tidal volume capacity in ( mL)

A

500 mL

47
Q

Normal Breathing Rate

A

12-16 time/ min
so 6000-8000 ml air/min

48
Q

how much aim is inhaled by forced inspiration

A

2500 -3000ml

49
Q

The amount of extra air expired by forced expiration

A

1000 ml

50
Q

The air that remains in the lungs even after forced expiration

A

Residual volume

51
Q

Residual volume in ml

A

1100-1200 mL

52
Q

Inspiratory capacity (IC) is?

A

TV+ IRV (so about 3500 mI)

53
Q

Expiratory Capacity ?

A

TV + ERV
more in athletes
( 1000 ml )

54
Q

vital Capacity (VC)

A

IRV+TV+ ERV
so, IC+ ERV

55
Q

Total lungs capacity ( TLC)

A

TV+ IR+ ERV + RV
(6000ml) approx

56
Q

functional Residual capacity ( FRC)

A

ERV + RV

57
Q

where does exchange of gases occur

A

at Alveoli and tissue level by diffusion

58
Q

______________ gas is about 20-25 more soluble and diffusive than oxygen

A

CO2

59
Q

how much oxygen is carried in dissolved form

A

only 3% oxygen transported

60
Q

how much oxygen is carried by Hb

A

97% oxygen transported

61
Q

how much oxygen does 100 ml blood carry

A

about 20mL/100mlof Blood

62
Q

how much oxygen does the blood transport doring ‘Rest’ and ‘Exexcise’

A

Rest- 5mI O2 transported
Exercise - 15 ml O2 transported

63
Q

100 ml blood carries approx 20ml O2 and deliveres only ________amount to tissues

A

5ml

64
Q

partial pressure of oxygen and CO2 in Alveoli

A

PO2 - 104 mm of Hg
PCO2 - 4O mm of Hg

65
Q

partial pressure of oxygen and CO2 in pulmonary artery and systemic aorta

A

PO2 - 95 to 104 mm of Hg
PCO2- 40 mm of Hg

66
Q

partial pressure of oxygen and CO2 in Tissue fluid

A

PO2 - 40 mm of Hg
PCO2 - 45 mm of Hg

67
Q

1 mol. of Hb carries how many mols of oxygen

A

4 mOl of O2
Hb has 4 Fe (iron) so one O2 molecule combines with 1 fe molecule each

68
Q

How much CO2 is transported in plasma dissolved form

A

⇒ about 7%
⇒ CO2 is more soluble than 02 so only 3% 02 is transported in dissolved state.

69
Q

How much CO2 is transported in the form of Bicarbonate

A

about 70%

70
Q

which enzyme is involved in the transport of CO2 in Bicarbonate form

A

carbonic Anhydrase enzyme

71
Q

about 20-25% Of CO2 is transported in the form of ?

A

carbamino Haemoglobin

72
Q

how much CO2 is transported by 100ml deoxygenated blood

A

4 ml / 100 ml blood

73
Q

Oxy Hb dissociation curve is a curve

A

sigmoid curve

74
Q

formation of OxyHb

A

at alveolar capillary

75
Q

Dissociation of oxy Hb

A

At tissue capillary

76
Q

Rightward shift of sigmoid curve is due to

A

PO2 ⬇️
PCO2.⬆️
H+⬆️
Acidity⬆️
PH⬇️
temp⬆️
BPG/ DPG⬆️

77
Q

Arrange the Oxg Hb dissociation curve from ascending order
foetus Hb, Adult Hb,Myoglobin

A

Adult Hb
foetus Hb
Myoglobin

in adult the least and in myoglobin the most

78
Q

Medulla of Brain

A

Respiratory rhythm Centre
regulates inspiration and Expiration

79
Q

Pons of Brain

A

preumotaxic centre

80
Q

Moderates the activity of respiratory rhythm Centre

A

Pons of Brain
preumotaxic centre

81
Q

switch off point for inspiration or limit the inspiration is done by

A

pneumataxic Centre
Pons of Brain

82
Q

Chemosensitive area are sensitive to

A

CO2 and H+

83
Q

Inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles

A

Asthma

84
Q

Inflammation of Bronchi due to Bacteria or viral infection

A

Bronchitis

85
Q

Damage of Alveolar wall, Bronchioles due to smoking

A

Emphysema

86
Q

Inflammation of Nasal tract mucosa

A

Rhinitis ( Normal cold )

NEET Zoology (8 decks)

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