Breathing

Question 1

How much oxygen is in the inhaled air?

Answer 1

21%

Question 2

How much oxygen is in the exhaled air?

Answer 2

16.4%

Question 3

What is gas exchange?

Answer 3

Gas exchange is the exchange of gases that happen in the lungs. Inside the alveoli in the lungs the oxygen from the air goes into the blood while the carbon dioxide from the blood goes into the air.

Question 4

Where does gas exchange happen in your body?

Answer 4

In the lungs, in the air sacs.

Question 5

Do you think there is any oxygen in the air you breath out?

Answer 5

Yes, there is some residual oxygen in the air that is exhaled (breathed out) after the process of gas exchange in the lungs. However, the composition of exhaled air differs from inhaled air primarily due to the exchange of gases that occurs in the alveoli during respiration.
Therefore, while there is some oxygen present in exhaled air, it is significantly reduced compared to inhaled air due to the body’s metabolic processes and gas exchange in the lungs.

Question 6

Is there any Carbon dioxide in the air you breath in?

Answer 6

Yes, there is a small amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) present in the air that we breathe in, although it makes up a very small fraction of the atmospheric composition. The Earth’s atmosphere is primarily composed of nitrogen (approximately 78%) and oxygen (approximately 21%), with trace amounts of other gases including carbon dioxide, water vapor, and argon.

Question 7

Does the air you breath in contain more or less oxygen than the air you breath out?

Answer 7

The air you breathe in (inhaled air) contains more oxygen (O2) and less carbon dioxide (CO2) compared to the air you breathe out (exhaled air).

Question 8

What experiment can you perform to test how much air you can breathe out or push out of your lungs. Describe the APPARATUS you will use.

Answer 8

I can use the following apparatus: Plastic bottle,
measuring cylinder,
bendy tubing,
marker pen,
water,
and a big bowl.

Question 9

How will you mark a scale on the bottle?

Answer 9

I will use the measuring cylinder and place it close to the bottle and with the help of a marker pen, I will mark a scale on the bottle.

Question 10

How will this experiment help you in measuring the volume of air you can breathe out of your lungs?

Answer 10

When you breath out into the tubing the water gets displaced by the air and then the scale shows how much air you can breathe out.

Question 11

What is the relation of the volume of air one can breathe out to their size?

Answer 11

Generally, taller individuals with larger lung capacities may breathe out more air compared to shorter individuals with smaller lung capacities. Factors such as body weight and muscle strength can also play a role in lung function.

Question 12

Describe the relations between the volume of container and air.

Answer 12

Air is a gas. The pressure of a gas increases when the volume of its container is decreased.

Question 13

What is the name of the instrument people use to measure the volume of air people can breathe out.

Answer 13

The instrument commonly used to measure the volume of air that a person can breathe out is called a spirometer.

Question 14

What is the relation of the volume of air one can breathe out to their gender?

Answer 14

In general, men tend to have larger lung volumes compared to women due to differences in body size and lung anatomy allowing them to breathe out more air.

Question 15

What is the relation of the volume of air one can breathe out to the type of instrument they can play?

Answer 15

Certain musical instruments, particularly wind instruments (e.g., trumpet, saxophone, flute), require good lung capacity and control of airflow. Regular practice and playing of these instruments can potentially improve respiratory muscle strength and lung function over time.

Question 16

What is the relation of the volume of air one can breathe out to their Physical Fitness and Activity Level?

Answer 16

Regular physical activity and cardiovascular fitness can improve lung function and increase lung capacity. Athletes and individuals who engage in aerobic activities may have higher lung volumes compared to sedentary individuals.

Question 17

What is the lung volume at different ages.

Answer 17

Your lung volume increases as you age, they mature by the time you are 20 to 25. after about the age of 35 it is normal for lung function to decline.

Question 18

How to calculate mean?

Answer 18

Add all Values/Total no of values

Question 19

What is dm3?

Answer 19

The symbol “dm^3” stands for cubic decimeter, which is a unit of volume in the metric system. A cubic decimeter is equal to the volume of a cube with each side measuring 1 decimeter (0.1 meters) in length.

To provide context and conversion:

1 cubic decimeter (dm^3) is equivalent to 1 liter (L) because the liter is also a unit of volume in the metric system.
1 liter (L) is defined as the volume occupied by a cube with sides of 0.1 meters (or 10 centimeters), which is equivalent to 1 decimeter (dm).
Therefore, 1 dm^3 (cubic decimeter) is equal to 1 liter (L), and these units are commonly used interchangeably for measuring volumes of liquids and solids in everyday applications and scientific contexts within the metric system.

Question 20

What happens when you breathe in?

Answer 20

When you breathe in, these things happen:

The intercostal muscles between the ribs contract (get shorter). This pulls the ribs upwards and outwards.

The muscles in the diaphragm contract. This pulls the diaphragm downwards.

These two movements make more space inside the chest cavity. They increase the volume inside it.

When the volume increases, the pressure inside the chest cavity and lungs decreases.

Air moves down through the trachea into the lungs, to fill the extra space.

Question 21

What happens when you breathe out?

Answer 21

The intercostal muscles between the ribs relax (return to normal size). This allows the ribs to drop down into their natural position.

The muscles in the diaphragm relax. This allows the diaphragm to become its normal, domed shape.

These two movements make less space inside the chest cavity. They decrease the volume inside it.

When the volume decreases, the pressure increases. So, air is squeezed out of the lungs.

Question 22

What happens to the intercostal muscles when you breath in?

Answer 22

The intercostal muscles between the ribs contract (get shorter).

Question 23

What happens to the ribs when the intercostal muscles contract when you breath in?

Answer 23

The ribs get pulled upwards and outwards.

Question 24

What happens to the diaphragm when you breath in?

Answer 24

The muscles in the diaphragm contract. This pulls the diaphragm downwards.

Question 25

What do the two movements of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contracting do that helps in breathing in?

Answer 25

These two movements make more space inside the chest cavity. They increase the volume inside it.

Question 26

When the volume inside the chest cavity increases what happens?

Answer 26

When the volume increases, the pressure inside the chest cavity and lungs decreases.
Air moves down through the trachea into the lungs, to fill the extra space.

Question 27

What happens to the intercostal muscles when you breath out?

Answer 27

The intercostal muscles between the ribs relax (return to normal size).

Question 28

What happens to the ribs when the intercostal muscles relax when you breath out?

Answer 28

The ribs to drop down into their natural position.

Question 29

What happens to the diaphragm when you breath out?

Answer 29

The muscles in the diaphragm relax. This allows the diaphragm to become its normal, domed shape.

Question 30

What do the two movements of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relaxinf do that helps in breathing out?

Answer 30

These two movements make less space inside the chest cavity. They decrease the volume inside it.

Question 31

When the volume inside the chest cavity decreases what happens?

Answer 31

When the volume decreases, the pressure increases. So air is squeezed out of the lungs.

Question 32

In the experiment of using a model to represent breathing using a syringe and balloon, describe what each part of the model represents.

Answer 32

The small hole = Trachea
The balloon = lungs
The syringe = rib cage
The plunger = diaphragm

Question 34

In the experiment of using a model to represent breathing using a syringe and balloon, explain why pulling out the plunger represents what happens in your body when you breathe in.

Answer 34

In the experiment using a syringe and balloon to represent breathing, pulling out the plunger of the syringe simulates what happens in your body during inhalation (breathing in) by increase the volume inside the syringe. This increase in volume creates a lower pressure within the syringe compared to the surrounding air pressure. In the body, during inhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, causing the chest cavity to expand. This expansion increases the volume of the lungs, leading to a decrease in pressure inside the lungs relative to the outside air.

Question 35

In the experiment of using a model to represent breathing using a syringe and balloon, explain why pulling out the plunger makes the balloon inflate.

Answer 35

The balloon inflates because the volume increases, decreasing pressure and pulling the air in, making the balloon inflate.

Question 36

In the experiment of using a model to represent breathing using a syringe and balloon, explain one way it does not completely represent what happens when you breathe in.

Answer 36

When you breathe in the intercostal muscles lift the rib cage. However, in this experiment the syringe (rib cage) did not get bigger to accommodate the balloon (lungs).