Breathing Flashcards
What does crackling in early inspiration mean?
Secretions in large airway/brochiole opening
What could crackling in early inspiration be a sign of?
COPD, CF, brochiectasis
What does crackling in late inspiration mean?
Secretions in alveoli and pulmonary airway
What could crackling in late inspiration be a sign of?
Pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary oedema
What does crackling in exhalation mean?
Air forcing through obstruction
What could crackling in exhalation be a sign of?
COPD, brochiectasis
What does a fine crackle mean?
Atelectasis
Oedema
Fibrosis
Sections in small airways.
What does a coarse crackle mean?
Obstruction of more proximal and larger airways with secretions
Can be on inspiration and expiration
What could quiet breathing be a sign of?
Shallow breathing Poor positioning Complete collapse Hyperinflation/ Pneumothorax (sounds filtered by air) Effusion (Sounds filtered by fluid) Obese (Sounds filtered by chest wall)
What could louder/harsher breathing be a sign of?
More turbulence in the airways
Obstruction or narrowing of airway
What does high pitched wheezing mean?
Bronchospasm
What does low pitched wheezing mean?
Sputum
What does localized wheezing mean?
Tumour/foreign body
What does a polyhonic wheeze mean?
Narrowing of the airways is widespread, many sounds, only during exhalation
What does monophonic wheezing mean?
Narrowing of a single airway, one sound, during inhalation/exhalation or exhalation only
