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N395 Exam 2 > Breastfeeding and Newborn Nutrition > Flashcards

Breastfeeding and Newborn Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Golden Hour

A
  • Time right after birth
  • Great time for bonding and breastfeeding
  • Also Q15 vitals for 1st hour and assessment of fundus and lochia (drainage from placental site)
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2
Q

AAP Breastfeeding Recommendations

A
  • Exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months of life

- Continue breastfeeding for at least 12 months

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3
Q

Colostrum

A
  • The first milk
  • Contains higher amounts of WBCs and antibodies
  • High in IgA (coats baby’s intestines and prevents invasion of germs)
  • Secretory IgA protects infants from viruses, bacteria, food allergies
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4
Q

Breastfeeding Benefits to Mother

A
  • Promotes weight loss from burning calories (should consume 500 extra calories/day)
  • Releases oxytocin: helps uterus return to normal size
  • Delays ovulation: prevents becoming pregnant too soon
  • Reduces future development of osteoporosis
  • Improves health of diabetic women and protects infant from juvenile diabetes
  • Reduces chance of developing breast, uterine, endometrial, ovarian cancer
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5
Q

Breastfeeding Benefits to Baby

A
  • Protective immunity from maternal antibodies
  • Lower incidence of ear infections, respiratory infections and asthma
  • SIDS risk is 56% lower in breastfeeding infants
  • Long term benefits against certain chronic illnesses (diabetes, childhood obesity, HTN, GI disease)
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6
Q

Breastfeeding Benefits to Family/Society

A
  • Convenient
  • No bottles necessary
  • Less expensive
  • Decrease work absence
  • Reduce annual health costs
  • Reduced environmental burden
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7
Q

Baby Feeding Cues

A
  • Hand to mouth
  • Sucking motions
  • Rooting
  • Mouthing
  • Pay close attention to these! Crying is a late sign
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8
Q

Positioning

A
  • Cradle, seated, cross-cradle, side-lying
  • How to choose the right position: maximize comfort and facilitate latch
  • Side-lying promotes maternal rest
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9
Q

Latch

A
  • Placement of infant mouth over the nipple, areola, and breast
  • Crete adequate suction for milk removal
  • Facilitates better emptying of the breast
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10
Q

Role of Healthcare Provider in Breastfeeding

A
  • Endorse and encourage breastfeeding because it is best for mom and baby
  • Provide positive statements about breastfeeding
  • Offer confirmatory words from all office staff
  • Distribute appropriate education materials
  • Be supportive no matter what the woman plans
  • Establish positive attitudes in pregnancy
  • Address medical issues/physical obstacles
  • Encourage nursing immediately after delivery
  • Provide post-partum support
  • Explain nutritional needs
  • Ask about previous experience
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11
Q

Sore Nipples

A
  • May result from improper latch on or disengagement: Areola must be placed in infant’s mouth, Must place finger in infant’s mouth to break suction
  • May result from use of abrasive soaps or alcohol: rinse nipples with water and air dry after nursing
  • Burning throughout breast: may be caused by yeast infection and treated with Mycostatin
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12
Q

Engorged Breasts

A
  • Usually occurs 2-3 days post partum from increased blood flow and milk supply
  • Wear a supportive nursing bra that isn’t too tight
  • Nurse frequently: every 1-3 hours
  • Take a warm shower before breastfeeding
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13
Q

Symptoms of Mastitis

A
  • Breast pain
  • Swelling
  • Flu-like symptoms
  • Headache
  • Fever
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14
Q

Causes of Mastitis

A
  • Coagulase-positive Staph auerus
  • Clogged ducts, cracked nipples, feeding on one breast only
  • Tight bra, wet breast pads, infrequent feeding
  • Anemia, fatigue, stress
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15
Q

Treatment of Mastitis

A
  • Nurse frequently, on unaffected breast first
  • Apply moist heat before nursing
  • Rest, wear comfy bra, change breast pads often
  • May require antibiotics
  • Ibuprofen and acetaminophen
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16
Q

Milk Ejection Reflex

A
  • Let down reflex

- Oxytocin release

17
Q

Nipple Variations

A
  • Grade 1: everted with stimulation and maintains projection
  • Grade 2: flat but comes out with stimulation but not as easily as Grade 1
  • Grade 3: inverted, very difficult to evert and promptly retracts after stimulation
18
Q

Signs of Ineffective Breastfeeding

A
  • Less than 6 wet diapers per day after day 4
  • Less than 3 stools per day after day 4
  • Meconium after day 4
  • Painful nipples during feeding
  • Damaged nipples
  • Milk not in by day 4
  • Baby is feeding constantly
  • Gaining less than 0.5 ounce/day after day 4
  • Baby has not regained birth weight by day 10
19
Q

Milk Storage and Prep

A
  • Store in hard containers
  • Room temp: 8 hours
  • Fridge: 5 days
  • Freezer: 6 months
  • Deep freezer: 12 months
  • Thawing: fridge, warm water, shake
  • Warming: Warm water, no microwave
20
Q

Factors that may impede breastfeeding

A
  • Poor support system
  • Demographic factors: maternal education level, being single, socioeconomic status
  • Postpartum depression
21
Q

Use of meds/drugs during breastfeeding

A
  • Consider risks vs benefits
  • Most meds that are applied to skin, inhaled, applied to eyes/nose are safe when breastfeeding
  • Most vaccines are safe (flu, DTAP)
22
Q

Caffeine in breastfeeding

A

Moderate amounts (no more than 2 cups/day) is probably not harmful to infant

23
Q

Alcohol in breastfeeding

A
  • Freely distributes into milk and will be ingested by infants
  • Pump and dump
24
Q

Cigarette smoking in breastfeeding

A
  • Not recommended

- Nicotine and byproducts are detectable in milk

25
Q

Drugs that will dry up breast milk

A
  • Antihistamines
  • Sedating meds
  • Decongestants
  • Weight loss meds
  • Diuretics
  • High doses of vitamin B6
  • Hormonal contraceptives containing estrogen
  • Nicotine
26
Q

Ways to dry up breast milk

A
  • Tight fitting bra/binding the breast
  • Cabbage leaves
  • Do not stimulate breast
  • No meds are given to dry up milk
27
Q

Candidiasis Thrush

A
  • Yeast infection of the breasts
  • Both parties need to be treated with anti-fungal
  • Painful, sore nipples
  • Feels like broken glass
28
Q

Formula Feeding

A
  • Start first feeding after transition
  • Infant should appear stable
  • Pattern: 10-15 ml/feed at 24-48 hours, increase to 90-150 ml/feed after 2 weeks
  • 3-4 times/day
  • Appetite increases at 10 days, 3 weeks, 3 months
  • Technique: sit comfortably, hold infant close, semi-upright, good head support, don’t prop bottle, keep nipple full
29
Q

Spitting up from formula feed

A
  • Decrease amount
  • Feed small and often
  • Vomiting 1/3 of feed or projectile vomiting should be reported
30
Q

Bottles and Nipples

A
  • Wash with warm soapy water

- Angled nipples are better

31
Q

Formula Prep

A
  • Powdered: lest expensive, 1 scoop/60 ml water
  • Concentrated: more expensive, dilute 50:50 with water
  • Ready to feed: most expensive, easiest

N395 Exam 2 (11 decks)

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