Breast Ultrasound

Question 1

Which % of intraductal cancers are circular or oval shaped as opposed to stellate or spiculated? A) 10% B) 25% C) 33% D) 50% E) 75%

Answer 1

C) 33%

Question 2

At what rate is sound attenuated by breast tissue? A) 0.5 dB/cm/MHz B) 0.5 dB/cm C) 5 dB/cm/kHz D) 5 dB/cm E) 1dB/cm/MHz

Answer 2

A) 0.5 dB/cm/MHz

Question 3

Power / beam area =

Answer 3

Intensity

Question 4

Which subset of invasive breast lesions makes up to 65-80% of all mammary carcinomas?

Answer 4

Invasive ductal

Question 5

In general the AIUM statement on bio effects report that “no bio effects reported with unfocused beams at intensities below _______” A) 100 mW/cm2 B) 100 mW/cm C) 100 W/cm2 D) 100 W/cm

Answer 5

A) 100 mW/cm2

Question 6

What is often referred to as “lobular neoplasia”?

Answer 6

LCIS

Question 7

Of the following U/S characteristics, which may be used as a fairly reliable indicator of a benign vs. malignant lesion? A) size, shape, and orientation B) effect of lesion on surrounding tissue planes C) absence of microcalcifications D) a & b E) a, b & c

Answer 7

D) a & b size, shape, orientation and effect of lesion on surrounding tissue planes

Question 8

Refraction is A) reflection of sound at the interface of two different acoustic medium B) bending of sound beam at tissue interface C) ratio of reflected to incident sound D) none of the above

Answer 8

B) bending of sound beam at tissue interface

Question 9

Which is/are true of LCIS? A) patients often undergo B/L mastectomies B) LCIS is most common in postmenopausal women C) LCIS has typical mammographic appearance D) a & b E) a, b, & c

Answer 9

A) patients often undergo B/L mastectomies

Question 10

Echo palpation is…

Answer 10

Simultaneous palpation of the breast with one hand while scanning the breast with the other

Question 11

Which statement about dynamic range is false? A) the dynamic range of an U/S system may be 100:1 B) the TGC of the system allows U/S to compensate for the dynamic range of returning echoes C) dynamic range is a measure of the range of the weakest and strongest echo signals an U/S system can detect D) dynamic range may be described in units of decibels E) none of the above

Answer 11

E) none of the above

Question 12

In situ means the lesion is typically A) non-invasive B) precancerous C) capable of metastasis D) a & b E) a, b, & c

Answer 12

D) a & b non-invasive and precancerous

Question 13

Which of the following affect lateral resolution? A) transducer frequency B) transducer focal length C) PRF D) a & b E) a, b & c

Answer 13

D) a & b transducer frequency and transducer focal length

Question 14

When imaging breast implants with MRI for evidence of failure, the best results are obtained A) enhancing the images with contrast B) acquiring the images in the sagittal plane C) using CC and MLO projections D) a & b E) a, b & c

Answer 14

B) acquiring the images in the sagittal plane

Question 15

High quality mammography has affected the detection of which the most? A) LCIS B) infiltrating ductal ca C) DCIS D) invasive lobular ca E) none of the above

Answer 15

C) DCIS

Question 16

Of the following, the least invasive is: A) LCIS B) invasive lobular ca C) medullary ca D) invasive ductal ca E) Paget’s

Answer 16

A) LCIS

Question 17

Which breast zone(s) contain little or no fat? A) area beneath nipple/areola B) mammary layer in 55 y.o. patient C) retromammary layer D) a & b E) a, b & c

Answer 17

A) area beneath nipple/areola

Question 18

U/S guided biopsy needle approach is parallel…A) to follow needle in real time B) to avoid puncture of pleural space C) when lesion is superficial D) a & b E) a, b & c

Answer 18

D) a & b to follow needle in real time and to avoid puncture of pleural space

Question 19

10 MHz transducer typically has an axial resolution of approximately A) 0.02 mm B) 0.2 mm C) 2.0 mm D) 2 cm

Answer 19

B) 0.2 mm

Question 20

Current high resolution breast U/S transducers are focused in the _______ range A) 0.5-1.0 cm B) 1.0-3.0 cm C) 3.0-5.0 cm D) 5.0-7.5 cm

Answer 20

B) 1.0-3.0 cm

Question 21

Which sources of arterial blood to the breast are least important in terms of volume of blood supplied? A) perforating arteries B) external mammary artery C) intercostal arteries D) internal mammary artery

Answer 21

A) perforating arteries

Question 22

Propagation speed of U/S in a vacuum is…

Answer 22

Impossible-can’t propagate

Question 23

Underlying medical conditions associated with gynecomastia include…A) testicular tumors B) liver cirrhosis C) substance abuse D) a & b E) a, b & c

Answer 23

E) a, b & c testicular tumors, liver cirrhosis, and substance abuse

Question 24

True regarding ductography…A) usually performed on patients with single ductal discharge and normal mammo B) 20-40 ml of contrast is used C) following contrast injection the ducts are imaged using mammo, U/S or MRI D) a & b E) a, b & c

Answer 24

A) usually performed on patients with single ductal discharge and normal mammo

Question 25

Which of the following benign lesions can fill a surgical cavity? A) hematoma B) oil cyst C) seroma D) a & b E) a, b & c

Answer 25

E) a, b & c hematoma, oil cyst, seroma

Question 26

The strength of echoes returning from Rayleigh scatters is A) proportional to the propagation speed raised to the 4th power B) proportional to the frequency raised to the 4th power C) inversely proportional to the frequency raised to the 4th power D) inversely proportional to the propagation speed raised to the 4th power E) none of the above

Answer 26

B) proportional to the frequency raised to the 4th power

Question 27

Breast within a breast

Answer 27

Hamartoma (fibroadenolipoma)

Question 28

Presence of free air within a breast mass is most indicative of which of the following lesions A) abscess B) contusion C) gynecomastia D) oil cyst E) none of the above

Answer 28

A) abscess

Question 29

In the Doppler equation the Doppler signal is the result of A) frequency changes in the incident U/S beam caused by variations in transmission medium B) frequency changes in the reflected U/S beam caused by varying acoustical impedances C) frequency changes in the reflected U/S beam caused by the motion of acoustic reflectors D) frequency changes in the incident U/S beam caused by a change in transducer frequency E) b & c

Answer 29

C) frequency changes in the reflected U/S beam caused by the motion of acoustic reflectors

Question 30

Which of the following is the most common breast biopsy method in use today A) FNA B) open surgical biopsy C) cyst aspiration D) a, b & c

Answer 30

B) open surgical biopsy